如何优化代码当前算法取O(n + m + k)?

时间:2016-06-26 21:52:21

标签: arrays algorithm python-3.x

我有三个数组,h1, h2, h3

n1, n2,n3决定数组的长度。

我必须从1个或多个数组中删除输入,以便所有数组的最终总和应相同。

###Inputs
n1,n2, n3 = 5, 3, 4
h1 = 3 2 1 1 1 # 5 elements
h2 = 4 3 2     # 3 elements
h3 = 1 1 4 1   # 4 elements

如果我们在上面的数组中看到

sum of h1 = 8 sum of h2 = 9 sum of h3 = 7 数组开头的deletion should happen。 所以如果我删除, 3 from h1 (as h1[0]) 4 from h2 (as h2[0]) 1 and 1 from h3 (as h3[0] and h3[1]) 现在所有(Sum of h1 containts, h2 containts, h3 containts)总和将变为5。这是我的最终答案。 当输入列表很小时,以下代码表现良好。但是当输入列表变为n1 = 100000, n2 = 200000, n3 = 300000时。这段代码需要花费大量时间来执行。我怎样才能减少时间。

from collections import *
n1,n2,n3 = input().strip().split(' ')
n1,n2,n3 = [int(n1),int(n2),int(n3)]
h1 = [int(h1_temp) for h1_temp in input().strip().split(' ')]
h2 = [int(h2_temp) for h2_temp in input().strip().split(' ')]
h3 = [int(h3_temp) for h3_temp in input().strip().split(' ')]
#print(n1, n2, n3, h1, h2, h3)
h1_tot, h2_tot, h3_tot = sum(h1), sum(h2), sum(h3)
#print(h1_tot, h2_tot, h3_tot)
arr = [h1_tot, h2_tot, h3_tot]
done = False
while len(Counter(arr)) != 1:
    if len(Counter(arr)) == 3:
        if arr.index(min(Counter(arr))) == 0:
            h3.remove(h3[0])
            h2.remove(h2[0])
        elif arr.index(min(Counter(arr))) == 1:
            h3.remove(h3[0])
            h1.remove(h1[0])
        else:
            h1.remove(h1[0])
            h2.remove(h2[0])
    if len(Counter(arr)) == 2:
        index = arr.index(min(arr))
        if arr[0] == arr[1] and  index == 2:
            h1.remove(h1[0])
            h2.remove(h2[0])
        elif arr[1] == arr[2] and index == 0:
            h2.remove(h2[0])
            h3.remove(h3[0])
        elif arr[0] == arr[2] and index == 1:
            h1.remove(h1[0])
            h3.remove(h3[0])
        if arr[0] == arr[1] and (index == 0 or index == 1):
            h3.remove(h3[0])
        elif arr[1] == arr[2] and  (index == 2 or index == 1):
            h1.remove(h1[0])
        elif arr[0] == arr[2] and  (index == 0 or index == 2):
            h2.remove(h2[0])

    h1_tot, h2_tot, h3_tot = sum(h1), sum(h2), sum(h3)

    arr = [h1_tot, h2_tot, h3_tot]



print(arr[0])

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

从Python列表的开头删除很慢(O(N)),因为Python需要将对所有其他项的引用复制到新索引(将它们向上移动一个空格)。相反,从列表末尾删除是快速的(O(1)),因为它只删除一个引用并调整大小。

因此,为了提高算法的性能,我建议使用反向列表,以便首先删除的项目结束。您可以使用列表推导中的reversed函数或创建列表后使用list.reverse方法撤消它们。完成算法后,您可以通过再次反转将它们恢复到预期的顺序。

您还需要使用list.popdel some_list[-1]而不是list.remove,因为后者在结尾时仍然会很慢(因为它需要搜索列表要删除的项目。)

虽然我认为它不会对你的表现造成很大的伤害,但你也会得到很多非常重复的代码。当你看到它并且你的变量中包含数字时,它几乎总是一个标志,你可以通过使用可索引的数据结构而不是独立的变量来大大简化你的代码。以下是我如何使用列表列表解决您的问题(以及它们的总和列表,以获得良好的衡量标准):

lengths = [int(x) for x in input().split()] # this is ignored by the rest of the code

values = [[int(x) for x in reversed(input().split())] for _ in range(3)]  # make a list of
sums = [sum(v) for v in values]                                           # reversed lists

while not sums[0] == sums[1] == sums[2]: # if there wasn't a fixed number of lists, I'd use
    max_sum = max(sums)                  # something like "if max(sums) == min(sums)"
    for i, (v, s) in enumerate(zip(values, sums)): # this loop over the lists lets us avoid
        if s == max_sum:                           # duplicating our code for each one
            sums[i] -= v.pop(-1) # pop is fast at the end!

for v in values:  # I'm not sure what the desired output is, so I'm just printing the lists.
    v.reverse()   # Could instead use print(*reversed(v)) for formatting like in the input.
    print(v)