我发现自己经常想用假设的类型而不是名称来指称假设。尤其是在语义规则反演的证明中,即具有几种情况的规则,每种情况可能都有多个先例。
我知道如何使用match goal with ...
来做到这一点,如以下简单示例所示。
Lemma l0:
forall P1 P2,
P1 \/ (P1 = P2) ->
P2 ->
P1.
Proof.
intros.
match goal with H:_ \/ _ |- _ => destruct H as [H1|H2] end.
assumption.
match goal with H: _ = _ |- _ => rewrite H end.
assumption.
Qed.
还有更简洁的方法吗?还是更好的方法?
(intros [???? HA HB|??? HA|????? HA HB HC HD]
之类的介绍模式不是一种选择,我已经厌倦了找到正确数量的?
个!)
例如,是否可以编写grab
策略来组合模式和策略,如
grab [H:P1 \/ _] => rename H into HH.
grab [H:P1 \/ _] => destruct H into [H1|H2].
grab [P1 \/ _] => rename it into HH.
grab [P1 \/ _] => destruct it into [H1|H2].
据我对Tactic Notations的理解,不可能以 cpattern 作为参数,但是也许还有另一种方法吗?
理想情况下,我希望能够使用假设模式,而不是像Isabelle那样在任何策略中使用标识符:
rename ⟨P1 \/ _⟩ into HH.
destruct ⟨P1 \/ _⟩ as [H1|H2].
rewrite ⟨P1 = _⟩.
但是我认为这是一个相当大的改变。
答案 0 :(得分:4)
您可以遍历所有假设,直到找到匹配的假设:
Tactic Notation "summon" uconstr(ty) "as" ident(id) :=
match goal with H : _ |- _ => pose (id := H : ty) end.
诀窍是您将要找到的类型不是模式,而是类型:)。具体来说,如果您发出类似summon (P _) as id
之类的内容,那么Coq将把_
作为未解决的存在变量。反过来,每个假设都将根据P _
进行类型检查,并尝试实例化该漏洞。成功后,pose
将其命名为id
。之所以会出现迭代,是因为match goal
会不断尝试使用不同的匹配项,直到出现问题或一切失败为止。
您可以定义一个不带as
的表单,该表单仅将找到的东西命名为it
(同时将其他内容踢出):
Tactic Notation "summon" uconstr(ty) :=
let new_it := fresh "it"
in try (rename it into new_it); summon ty as it.
Ta-da!
Lemma l0 : forall P1 P2, P1 \/ (P1 = P2) -> P2 -> P1.
Proof.
intros.
summon (_ \/ _).
destruct it.
assumption.
summon (_ = _).
rewrite it.
assumption.
Qed.
您还可以获取=>
语法。我认为这没什么用,但是...
(* assumption of type ty is summoned into id for the duration of tac
anything that used to be called id is saved and restored afterwards,
if possible. *)
Tactic Notation "summon" uconstr(ty) "as" ident(id) "=>" tactic(tac) :=
let saved_id := fresh id
in try (rename id into saved_id);
summon ty as id; tac;
try (rename saved_id into id).
Lemma l0 : forall P1 P2, P1 \/ (P1 = P2) -> P2 -> P1.
Proof.
intros.
summon (_ \/ _) as H => destruct H.
assumption.
summon (_ = _) as H => rewrite H.
assumption.
Qed.
(您可能想读一遍,因为上面的解决方案实际上是该解决方案的一种变体,在这里有更多说明。)
您可以用eassert (name : ty) by eassumption.
召集一个将类型模式匹配到名称的假设。
Lemma l0 : forall P1 P2, P1 \/ (P1 = P2) -> P2 -> P1.
Proof.
intros.
eassert (HH : _ \/ _) by eassumption.
destruct HH.
assumption.
eassert (HH : _ = _) by eassumption.
rewrite HH.
assumption.
Qed.
为什么这是一种改进?因为_ \/ _
和_ = _
现在是完整类型,而不仅仅是模式。它们只包含未解决的存在变量。在eassert
和eassumption
之间,这些变量会在找到匹配假设的同时被求解。战术符号绝对可以与类型(即术语)一起使用。可悲的是,解析规则似乎有些不幸。具体来说,战术符号需要一个无类型的术语(因此,我们不要试图过早地解决变量),因此我们需要uconstr
,但需要there's no luconstr
,这意味着我们不得不添加多余的内容括号。为避免方括号躁狂,我重新设计了grab
的语法。我也不完全确定您的=>
语法是否有意义,因为您为什么不仅仅顾名思义,而不仅仅是将名称引入=>
范围内? >
Tactic Notation "summon" uconstr(ty) "as" ident(id) :=
eassert (id : ty) by eassumption.
Lemma l0 : forall P1 P2, P1 \/ (P1 = P2) -> P2 -> P1.
Proof.
intros.
summon (_ \/ _) as HH.
destruct HH.
assumption.
summon (_ = _) as HH.
rewrite HH.
assumption.
Qed.
您可以使summon
-sans-as
命名找到的假设it
,同时以该名称启动其他任何内容。
Tactic Notation "summon" uconstr(ty) "as" ident(id) :=
eassert (id : ty) by eassumption.
Tactic Notation "summon" uconstr(ty) :=
let new_it := fresh "it"
in (try (rename it into new_it); summon ty as it).
Lemma l0 : forall P1 P2, P1 \/ (P1 = P2) -> P2 -> P1.
Proof.
intros.
(* This example is actually a bad demonstration of the name-forcing behavior
because destruct-ion, well, destroys.
Save the summoned proof under the name it, but destroy it from another,
then observe the way the second summon shoves the original it into it0. *)
summon (_ \/ _) as prf.
pose (it := prf).
destruct prf.
assumption.
summon (_ = _).
rewrite it.
assumption.
Qed.
习惯上来说,那真的是
Lemma l0 : forall P1 P2, P1 \/ (P1 = P2) -> P2 -> P1.
Proof.
intros.
summon (_ \/ _).
destruct it.
assumption.
summon (_ = _).
rewrite it.
assumption.
Qed.
我相信您可以创建一堆专门的Tactic Notation
来用这些有漏洞的类型替换ident
,destruct
等中的rewrite
参数uconstrs
,如果您确实想要的话。实际上,summon _ as _
几乎是您修改过的rename _ into _
。
另一个警告:assert
是不透明的; summon
生成的定义看起来像新的假设,但并没有揭示它们等于旧的假设之一。应该使用refine (let it := _ in _)
或pose
之类的东西来纠正此问题,但是我的L tac -fu不够强大,无法做到这一点。另请参阅:此问题主张文字transparent assert
。
(新答案解决了这一警告。)