我被分配了在Java中创建迷宫求解器的任务。这是作业:
Write an application that finds a path through a maze.
The maze should be read from a file. A sample maze is shown below.
O O O O O X O
X X O X O O X
O X O O X X X
X X X O O X O
X X X X O O X
O O O O O O O
X X O X X X O
字符“X”表示墙或阻挡位置,字符“O”表示字符 空缺职位。你可以假设迷宫的入口总是在右下方 角落,出口始终位于左上角。你的程序应该发送它 输出到文件。如果找到路径,则输出文件应包含路径。如果路径是 没有找到应该发送到该文件的消息。请注意,迷宫可能超过 一个解决方案路径,但在本练习中,您只需要找到一个解决方案,而不是 所有解决方案。
您的程序应该使用堆栈来记录它正在探索的路径并在其时回溯 到达阻止位置。
在编写代码之前,请务必编写完整的算法。随意创建任何额外的 这些课程将帮助您完成作业。
Here's my Algorithm:
1)Initialize array list to hold maze
2)Read text file holding maze in format
o x x x x o
o o x o x x
o o o o o x
x x x x o o
3)Create variables to hold numbers of columns and rows
3)While text file has next line
A. Read next line
B. Tokenize line
C. Create a temporary ArrayList
D. While there are tokens
i. Get token
ii. create a Point
iii. add point to temp ArrayList
iv. increment maximum number of columns
E. Add temp to maze arraylist, increment max rows
F. initialize a hold of points as max rows - 1
G. Create a start point with x values as maximum number of rows - 1, and y values as maximum number of columns - 1
H. Create stack of points and push starting location
I. While finished searching is not done
i. Look at top of stack and check for finish
ii. check neighbors
iii. is there an open neighbor?
- if yes, update flags and push
- if no, pop from stack
J. Print solution
4. Done is true
无论如何,我设置的是一个Points类,它设置/获取在所有基本方向上行进的方法,这些方法将返回如图所示的布尔值:
public class Points<E>
{
private int xCoord;
private int yCoord;
private char val;
private boolean N;
private boolean S;
private boolean E;
private boolean W;
public Points()
{
xCoord =0;
yCoord =0;
val =' ';
N = true;
S = true;
E = true;
W = true;
}
public Points (int X, int Y)
{
xCoord = X;
yCoord = Y;
}
public void setX(int x)
{
xCoord = x;
}
public void setY(int y)
{
yCoordinate = y;
}
public void setNorth(boolean n)
{
N = n;
}
public void setSouth(boolean s)
{
S= s;
}
public void setEast(boolean e)
{
E = e;
}
public void setWest(boolean w)
{
W = w;
}
public int getX()
{
return xCoord;
}
public int getY()
{
return yCoord;
}
public char getVal()
{
return val;
}
public boolean getNorth()
{
return N;
}
public boolean getSouth()
{
return S;
}
public boolean getEast()
{
return E;
}
public boolean getWest()
{
return W;
}
public String toString1()
{
String result = "(" + xCoord + ", " +yCoord + ")";
return result;
}
}
我只是在主要的实际解决方面遇到了问题。这就是我所拥有的:
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.text.*;
public class MazeSolve1
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//Create arrayList of Points
ArrayList<ArrayList<Points>> MAZE = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Points>>();
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
//Read File in
System.out.print("Enter the file name: ");
String fileName = in.nextLine();
fileName = fileName.trim();
FileReader reader = new FileReader(fileName+".txt");
Scanner in2 = new Scanner(reader);
//Write file out
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("Numbers.out");
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(writer);
boolean done = false;
int maxCol = 0;
int maxRow = 0;
while(!done) {
//creating array lists
while (in2.hasNextLine()) {
//Read next line
String nextLine = in2.nextLine();
//Tokenize Line
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(nextLine, " ");
//Create temp ArrayList
ArrayList<ArrayList<Points>> temp = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Points>>();
//While there are more tokens
while (st.hasNextToken()) {
String token = st.nextToken();
Points pt = new Points();
temp.add(pt);
maxCol++
}
MAZE.add(temp);
maxRow++;
}
//create hold arraylist for max rows of maze -1
//create variables for start x and y coordinates
ArrayList<ArrayList<Points>> hold = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Points>>();
hold = MAZE.get(maxRow - 1);
int startColumn = hold.get(maxCol - 1);
int startRow = hold.get(maxRow - 1);
Point start = new Point();
start.setX(startColumn);
start.setY(startRow);
//initialize stack, and push the start position
MyStack<Points> st = new ArrayStack<Points>();
st.push(start.toString1());
//south and east of start are edges of array
start.setSouth(false);
start.setEast(false);
//while your position is not equal to point (0,0) [finish]
while (st.peek() != "(0, 0)") {
//getting the next coordinate to the North
int nextY = start.getY() - 1;
int nextX = start.getX();
//if character to the North is an O it's open and the North flag is true
if (hold.get(nextY) = 'O' && start.getNorth() == true) {
//set flags and push coordinate
start.setNorth(false);
st.push(start.toString1());
}
//else pop from stack
else { st.pop(); }
//look at coordinate to the East
nextX = start.getX() + 1;
//if character to the East is a O and the East flag is true
if (hold.get(nextX) = 'O' && start.getEast() == true) {
//set flags and push coordinate
start.setEast(false);
st.push(start.toString1());
}
//else pop from stack
else { st.pop(); }
//look at coordinate to the South
nextY = start.getY() + 1;
//if character to the South is a O and the West flag is true
if (hold.get(nextY) = 'O' && start.getSouth() == true) {
//set flags and push coordinate
start.setSouth(false);
st.push(start.toString1());
}
//else pop from stack
else { st.pop() }
//keep looping until the top of the stack reads (0, 0)
}
done = true;
}
//Print the results
System.out.println("---Path taken---");
for (int i = 0; i< st.size(); i++) {
System.out.println(st.pop);
i++
}
除了语法错误之外,你们能给我一些帮助吗?非常感谢。
答案 0 :(得分:13)
我在这里提交了类似的答案Maze Solving Algorithm in C++。
有机会解决它,你应该:
Solve()
例程并递归调用自身:
Solve
已成功找到解决方案这是解决方案的一些伪代码。
boolean solve(int X, int Y)
{
if (mazeSolved(X, Y))
{
return true;
}
// Test for (X + 1, Y)
if (canMove(X + 1, Y))
{
placeDude(X + 1, Y);
if (solve(X + 1, Y)) return true;
eraseDude(X + 1, Y);
}
// Repeat Test for (X - 1, Y), (X, Y - 1) and (X, Y + 1)
// ...
// Otherwise force a back track.
return false;
}
答案 1 :(得分:7)
你可能应该module你的程序 - 正如我所理解的那样,你正在从文件中读取迷宫并试图同时解决它。
更好的方法是将程序分成两个不同的部分:
答案 2 :(得分:1)
正如amit所说,你应该首先阅读整个迷宫并将其存储为二维数组。这使您可以看到整个迷宫而无需逐行解决。
由于您首先需要查找数组的大小,因此您应该将文本文件读入字符串列表。
List<String> strs = new ArrayList<String>();
//Pseudocode, choose however you want to read the file
while(file_has_next_line) {
strs.add(get_next_line);
}
List的大小为您提供行数,并假设它始终是一个网格,您可以使用split()。length,(count spaces + 1)或计算任何一个字符串上的符号来获取列数。
存储地图数据的最简单方法是使用二维布尔数组。墙是真的,虚空是虚空。
boolean[][] wallMap = new boolean[rows][cols];
for(int i = 0; i < wallMap.length; i++) {
//Separate each symbol in corresponding line
String[] rowSymbols = strs.get(i).split(" ");
for(int j = 0; j < wallMap[i].length; j++) {
//Ternary operator can be used here, I'm just keeping it simple
if(rowSymbols[j].equals("X")) {
wallMap[i][j] = true;
} else {
wallMap[i][j] = false;
}
}
}
既然您已将地图数据存储在数组中,则可以更轻松地遍历地图并做出选择,您可以使用现成的算法(请参阅amit的答案)或制作您自己的算法。因为这是家庭作业,你应该试着想一想自己。
玩得开心。
答案 3 :(得分:0)
您需要分两个阶段分开您的计划。第一个是初始化,您可以在其中阅读迷宫描述和玩家的初始位置。在此之后,您有一个表示电路板的数据结构。第二个是实际游戏,应该有3个抽象:
任何这些都应该能够在没有其他变化的情况下改变。例如,可能会要求您改进搜索算法,或者您有多个目标的问题。从当前问题切换到稍微修改过的容易程度是程序设计的真正指标。
答案 4 :(得分:0)
我尝试使用DFS算法利用一些Java OOP概念来实现它。
请参阅我的github repository
上的完整解决方案private boolean solveDfs() {
Block block = stack.peekFirst();
if (block == null) {
// stack empty and not reached the finish yet; no solution
return false;
} else if (block.equals(maze.getEnd())) {
// reached finish, exit the program
return true;
} else {
Block next = maze.getNextAisle(block);
// System.out.println("next:" + next);
if (next == null) {
// Dead end, chose alternate path
Block discard = stack.pop();
discard.setInPath(false);
// System.out.println("Popped:" + discard);
} else {
// Traverse next block
next.setVisited(true);
next.setInPath(true);
stack.push(next);
}
}
return solveDfs();
}