如何从VBA中的IEEE-754 64位(双)浮点数中提取尾数,指数和符号数据?谢谢
编辑(在John Coleman评论之后)。在发布原始问题之前,我已经四处寻找解决方案,并且只能找到如何在C中执行此操作(例如,使用具有位字段的结构)。无法为VBA找到任何东西。我尝试过使用VBA的位运算符(即AND,OR,NOT,XOR),但这似乎没有给出预期的结果。例如,以单精度IEEE 32位浮点表示的1由
表示其中第一位用于符号,接下来的8位用于(偏置)指数,最后23位用于尾数。将NOT应用于1应返回
,小数为-3.9999998,但VBA中的以下代码返回-2,由
表示x = Not 1!
Debug.Print x
我没有看到在我的OP中发布此内容的重点。
答案 0 :(得分:3)
我想我已经找到了做到这一点的方法。以下函数DoubleToBin
返回64位的字符串,表示IEEE-754双浮点数。它使用VBA"技巧"通过将LSet
与相同大小的用户定义类型相结合,在不使用API例程(例如MemCopy(RtlMoveMemory))的情况下传递原始数据。一旦我们得到位串,我们就可以从中提取所有组件。
Type TDouble
Value As Double
End Type
Type TArray
Value(1 To 8) As Byte
End Type
Function DoubleToArray(DPFloat As Double) As Variant
Dim A As TDouble
Dim B As TArray
A.Value = DPFloat
LSet B = A
DoubleToArray = B.Value
End Function
Function DoubleToBin(DPFloat As Double) As String
Dim ByteArray() As Byte
Dim BitString As String
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
ByteArray = DoubleToArray(DPFloat)
For i = 8 To 1 Step -1
j = 2 ^ 7
Do While j >= 1
If (ByteArray(i) And j) = 0 Then
BitString = BitString & "0"
Else
BitString = BitString & "1"
End If
j = j \ 2
Loop
Next i
DoubleToBin = BitString
End Function
这是如何运作的 - 我现在接受我自己的答案吗?
答案 1 :(得分:1)
这是对Confounded的优秀答案的修改。我修改了它们的函数,使用内置函数Hex
而不是逐位运算来获得位模式,使它能够灵活地处理单精度和双精度,并返回结果十六进制(默认)或二进制:
Type TDouble
Value As Double
End Type
Type TSingle
Value As Single
End Type
Type DArray
Value(1 To 8) As Byte
End Type
Type SArray
Value(1 To 4) As Byte
End Type
Function DoubleToArray(DPFloat As Double) As Variant
Dim A As TDouble
Dim B As DArray
A.Value = DPFloat
LSet B = A
DoubleToArray = B.Value
End Function
Function SingleToArray(SPFloat As Single) As Variant
Dim A As TSingle
Dim B As SArray
A.Value = SPFloat
LSet B = A
SingleToArray = B.Value
End Function
Function HexToBin(hDigit As String) As String
Select Case hDigit
Case "0": HexToBin = "0000"
Case "1": HexToBin = "0001"
Case "2": HexToBin = "0010"
Case "3": HexToBin = "0011"
Case "4": HexToBin = "0100"
Case "5": HexToBin = "0101"
Case "6": HexToBin = "0110"
Case "7": HexToBin = "0111"
Case "8": HexToBin = "1000"
Case "9": HexToBin = "1001"
Case "A": HexToBin = "1010"
Case "B": HexToBin = "1011"
Case "C": HexToBin = "1100"
Case "D": HexToBin = "1101"
Case "E": HexToBin = "1110"
Case "F": HexToBin = "1111"
End Select
End Function
Function ByteToString(B As Byte, Optional FullBinary As Boolean = False)
Dim BitString As String
BitString = Hex(B)
If Len(BitString) < 2 Then BitString = "0" & BitString
If FullBinary Then
BitString = HexToBin(Mid(BitString, 1, 1)) & HexToBin(Mid(BitString, 2, 1))
End If
ByteToString = BitString
End Function
Function FloatToBits(float As Variant, Optional FullBinary As Boolean = False) As String
Dim ByteArray() As Byte
Dim BitString As String
Dim i As Integer, n As Integer
Dim x As Double, y As Single
If TypeName(float) = "Double" Then
n = 8
x = float
ByteArray = DoubleToArray(x)
ElseIf TypeName(float) = "Single" Then
n = 4
y = float
ByteArray = SingleToArray(y)
Else
FloatToBits = "Error!"
Exit Function
End If
For i = n To 1 Step -1
BitString = BitString & ByteToString(ByteArray(i), FullBinary)
Next i
FloatToBits = BitString
End Function
这是一个测试:
Sub test()
Dim x As Single, y As Double
x = Application.WorksheetFunction.Pi()
y = Application.WorksheetFunction.Pi()
Debug.Print FloatToBits(x)
Debug.Print FloatToBits(x, True)
Debug.Print FloatToBits(y)
Debug.Print FloatToBits(y, True)
End Sub
输出:
40490FDB
01000000010010010000111111011011
400921FB54442D18
0100000000001001001000011111101101010100010001000010110100011000
当我将400921FB54442D18送入this在线工具时,我会回到3.141592653589793,这非常有意义。
有点奇怪的是,当我将其应用到10.4时我得到了
0100000000100100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001101
与Excel VBA中浮点数的this优秀文章中的示例的最终位置不同。两个版本都是10.4(到很多很多地方)。我不太清楚如何解决这种差异。
答案 2 :(得分:0)
部分答案:
VBA按位运算符旨在处理整数或长数据。请考虑以下事项:
Sub test()
Dim x As Single, y As Single
x = 1#
y = Not x
Debug.Print y
Debug.Print TypeName(Not x)
End Sub
输出:
-2
Long
第一个输出线是观察到的怪异。第二行是对这种古怪的解释。显然,x
在被送入Not
之前被转换为很长时间。有趣的是,以下C程序也打印-2:
int main(void){
int x,y;
x = 1;
y = ~x;
printf("%d\n",y);
return 0;
}
(gcc在我的机器上使用32位整数,因此这里的int
相当于VBA中的Long
它应该可以获得你想要的东西,但是按位运算符不是你想要的。
答案 3 :(得分:0)
此函数适用于 64 位双精度格式:
Function IEEE754todouble(hexanumber As String) As Double
If Left(hexanumber, 1) > 7 Then
sign = 1
Else
sign = 0
End If
exponent = Val("&H" & (Left(hexanumber, 3))) Mod 2048
mantissa = 16 ^ 8 * Val("&H" & Mid(hexanumber, 4, 5)) + Val("&H" & Right(hexanumber, 8))
IEEE754todouble = (-1) ^ sign * 2 ^ (exponent - 1023) * (1 + 2 ^ -52 * mantissa)
End Function
如果您需要其他格式,只需更改其中的几个数字就可以了。
我在尾数中进行了双重计算,因为他不想知道单个 Val("&H" & Right(hexanumber, 13))
。