OpenGl视图矩阵 - 错误的“相机”方向和位置

时间:2015-05-15 21:36:35

标签: opengl 3d camera

症状是,“相机的位置”似乎围绕x轴镜像(负z而不是正z),并且“相机的方向”与预期相反。
在换句话说,我必须将相机旋转180度并向前移动才能看到任何效果图 在我看过的所有OpenGl相机教程中,相机位置始终存在正z坐标。也许代码中只有一个符号错误,但我没有看到它。我也发布了相应的着色器代码。
我的对象以世界坐标z = 0.1呈现。

相机实例的初始化显示在以下行

m_viewMatrix = math::Matrix4D::lookAt(m_cameraPosition, m_cameraPosition + m_cameraForward, m_cameraUp);

,其中

m_cameraForward(math::Vector3D(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f)),
m_cameraRight(math::Vector3D (1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)),
m_cameraUp(math::Vector3D(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)),
m_cameraPosition(math::Vector3D(0.0f, 0.0f, 20.0f))

结果是黑屏。当我将相机位置更改为     m_cameraPosition(math :: Vector3D(0.0f,0.0f,-20.0f) 一切正常。

函数lookAt由以下行给出:

Matrix4D Matrix4D::lookAt(
        const Vector3D& f_cameraPosition_r,
        const Vector3D& f_targetPosition_r,
        const Vector3D& f_upDirection_r)

    {
        const math::Vector3D l_forwardDirection = (f_targetPosition_r - f_cameraPosition_r).normalized();

        const math::Vector3D l_rightDirection = f_upDirection_r.cross(l_forwardDirection).normalized();
        const math::Vector3D l_upDirection = l_forwardDirection.cross(l_rightDirection); // is normalized
        return math::Matrix4D(
            l_rightDirection.x, l_rightDirection.y, l_rightDirection.z, l_rightDirection.dot(f_cameraPosition_r*(-1.0f)),
            l_upDirection.x, l_upDirection.y, l_upDirection.z, l_upDirection.dot(f_cameraPosition_r*(-1.0f)),
            l_forwardDirection.x, l_forwardDirection.y, l_forwardDirection.z, l_forwardDirection.dot(f_cameraPosition_r*(-1.0f)),
            0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f
            );
    }

matrix4d的内存布局是列主要,正如OpenGl所期望的那样。 所有其他功能,如点和十字形都经过单元测试。

顶点着色器:

#version 430

in layout (location = 0) vec3 position;
in layout (location = 1) vec4 color;
in layout (location = 2) vec3 normal;

uniform mat4 pr_matrix; // projection matrix
uniform mat4 vw_matrix = mat4(1.0); // view matrix <------
uniform mat4 ml_matrix = mat4(1.0); // model matrix

out vec4 colorOut;

void main()
{
    gl_Position = pr_matrix * vw_matrix * ml_matrix * vec4(position,1.0);
    colorOut = color;
}

片段着色器:

#version 430

out vec4 color;
in vec4 colorOut;

void main()
{
    color = colorOut;
}

编辑(添加透视矩阵):

Matrix4D Matrix4D::perspectiveProjection(
        const float f_viewportWidth_f,
        const float f_viewportHeight_f,
        const float f_nearPlaneDistance_f,
        const float f_farPlaneDistance_f,
        const float f_radFieldOfViewY_f)
    {
        const float l_aspectRatio_f = f_viewportWidth_f / f_viewportHeight_f;
        const float l_tanHalfFovy_f = tan(f_radFieldOfViewY_f * 0.5);
        const float l_frustumLength = f_farPlaneDistance_f - f_nearPlaneDistance_f;
        const float l_scaleX = 1.0f / (l_aspectRatio_f * l_tanHalfFovy_f);
        const float l_scaleY = 1.0f / l_tanHalfFovy_f;
        const float l_scaleZ = - (f_farPlaneDistance_f + f_nearPlaneDistance_f) / l_frustumLength;
        const float l_value32 = -(2.0f*f_farPlaneDistance_f*f_nearPlaneDistance_f) / l_frustumLength;

        return Matrix4D(
            l_scaleX,   +0.0f,      +0.0f,      +0.0f,
            +0.0f,      l_scaleY,   +0.0f,      +0.0f,
            +0.0f,      +0.0f,      l_scaleZ,   l_value32,
            +0.0f,      +0.0f,      -1.0f,      +0.0f);

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

您的投影矩阵遵循“经典”OpenGL约定:在眼睛空间(矩阵的最后一行)中查看方向为(0,0,-1)。

但是,您的视图矩阵不遵循该约定:您必须将否定正向放入矩阵中(也用于计算那里的平移z分量)。在当前形式中,视图矩阵只是旋转,以便正向映射到+ z。

否定这当然意味着你将使用右手坐标系统进行世界空间(这是经典的GL所做的)。如果您不想这样,您也可以只更改投影矩阵以实际查看+ z。