我知道循环依赖,但即使使用前向声明,我也会得到这个区域。 我做错了什么?
// facility.h
class Area;
class Facility {
public:
Facility();
Area* getAreaThisIn();
void setAreaThisIsIn(Area* area);
private:
Area* __area;
};
// facility.cpp
#include "facility.h"
#include "area.h"
{ ... }
// area.h
class Facility;
class Area {
public:
Area(int ID);
int getId();
private:
std::list<Facility*> _facilities;
};
// area.cpp
#include "area.h"
#include "facility.h"
所以这个编译很好,但如果我这样做
// foo.h
#include "facility.h"
class Foo { .. };
// foo.cpp
#include "foo.h"
void Foo::function() {
Facility* f = new Facility();
int id = f->getAreaThisIsIn()->getId();
当我得到invalid use of incomplete type struct Area
答案 0 :(得分:20)
澄清:前向声明允许您以非常有限的方式操作对象:
struct Foo; // forward declaration
int bar(Foo* f); // allowed, makes sense in a header file
Foo* baz(); // allowed
Foo* f = new Foo(); // not allowed, as the compiler doesn't
// know how big a Foo object is
// and therefore can't allocate that much
// memory and return a pointer to it
f->quux(); // also not allowed, as the compiler doesn't know
// what members Foo has
在某些情况下,前向声明可能会有所帮助。例如,如果标头中的函数只接受指向对象而不是对象的指针,那么您不需要#include
该标头的整个类定义。这可以缩短编译时间。但是该头的实现几乎保证需要#include
相关的定义,因为你可能想要分配这些对象,调用这些对象的方法等等,而且你需要的不仅仅是前向声明那样做。
答案 1 :(得分:8)
对于Facility* f = new Facility();
,您需要完整的声明,而不仅仅是前方声明。
答案 2 :(得分:4)
你是否在foo.cpp中#include area.h和facility.h(假设这是你收到错误的文件)?