数独有效性检查算法 - 此代码如何工作?

时间:2011-02-24 22:38:44

标签: c# .net algorithm sudoku

我正在阅读此处发布的问题:Sudoku algorithm in C#

其中一个解决方案是这段代码。

public static bool IsValid(int[] values) {
        int flag = 0;
        foreach (int value in values) {
                if (value != 0) {
                        int bit = 1 << value;
                        if ((flag & bit) != 0) return false;
                        flag |= bit;
                }
        }
        return true;
}

这个想法是它将检测值数组中的重复项;但是我不知道有多少我不知所措。谁可以给我解释一下这个?

编辑:谢谢大家。这么多很棒的答案,我不知道如何选择一个。它现在非常有意义。

6 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:22)

真是个好主意。

基本上,它使用int标志(最初设置为零)作为“位数组”;对于每个值,它检查是否设置了标志中的相应位,如果不是,则设置它。

相反,如果已经设置了该位位置,则它知道已经看到相应的值,因此该数据无效。

更详细:

public static bool IsValid(int[] values)
{
    // bit field (set to zero => no values processed yet)
    int flag = 0;
    foreach (int value in values)
    {
        // value == 0 => reserved for still not filled cells, not to be processed
        if (value != 0)
        {
            // prepares the bit mask left-shifting 1 of value positions
            int bit = 1 << value; 
            // checks if the bit is already set, and if so the Sudoku is invalid
            if ((flag & bit) != 0)
                return false;
            // otherwise sets the bit ("value seen")
            flag |= bit;
        }
    }
    // if we didn't exit before, there are no problems with the given values
    return true;
}

答案 1 :(得分:5)

让我们完成它。 values = 1,2,3,2,5

迭代1:

bit = 1 << 1 bit = 10

if(00 & 10 != 00) false

flag |= bit flag = 10

迭代2:

bit = 1 << 2 bit = 100

if(010 & 100 != 000) false

flag |= bit flag = 110

迭代3:

bit = 1 << 3 bit = 1000

if(0110 & 1000 != 0000) false

flag |= bit flag = 1110

迭代4:

bit = 1 << 2 bit = 100

if(1110 & 0100 != 0000) TRUE此计算结果为true,表示我们找到了一个double,并返回false

答案 2 :(得分:3)

想法是设置数字的nth位,其中n是单元格值。由于数独值的范围为1-9,因此所有位都在0-512的范围内。使用每个值,检查nth位是否已设置,如果已设置,我们发现重复。如果没有,请在我们的支票号上设置nth位,在本例中为flag,以累积已使用的号码。这是一种比数组更快的存储数据的方式。

答案 3 :(得分:2)

有趣。它通过在标志整数中设置该位来存储已找到的数字。例如:

  • 发现了4
  • 然后将数字1移位4位,得到位数组00010000b
  • 或者它进入flag-int(之前为0)会导致flag-int为00010000b
  • 发现了2
  • 然后将数字1移位2位,得到位数组00000100b
  • 或者它进入flag-int(以前是00010000b)导致flag-int为00010100b

如果已经在flag-int中设置了该位,它还会测试每个数字。

答案 4 :(得分:2)

检查数组中的值是否唯一。为此,它创建一个整数 - 标志 - 并根据值数组中的值设置标志中的位。它检查是否已设置特定位;如果是,那么就有重复,它就失败了。否则,它会设置位。

以下是细分:

public static bool IsValid(int[] values) {
        int flag = 0; // <-- Initialize your flags; all of them are set to 0000
        foreach (int value in values) { // <-- Loop through the values
                if (value != 0) { // <-- Ignore values of 0
                        int bit = 1 << value; // <-- Left-shift 1 by the current value
// Say for example, the current value is 4, this will shift the bit in the value of 1
// 4 places to the left. So if the 1 looks like 000001 internally, after shifting 4 to the 
// left, it will look like 010000; this is how we choose a specific bit to set/inspect
                        if ((flag & bit) != 0) return false; // <-- Compare the bit at the
// position specified by bit with the corresponding position in flag. If both are 1 then
// & will return a value greater than 0; if either is not 1, then & will return 0. E.g.
// if flag = 01000 and bit = 01000, then the result will be 01000. If flag = 01000 and 
//bit = 00010 then the result will be 0; this is how we check to see if the bit 
// is already set. If it is, then we've already seen this value, so return false, i.e. not
// a valid solution
                        flag |= bit; // <-- We haven't seen this value before, so set the 
// corresponding bit in the flag to say we've seen it now. e.g. if flag = 1000 
// and bit = 0100, after this operation, flag = 1100
                }
        }
        return true; // <-- If we get this far, all values were unique, so it's a valid
// answer.
}

答案 5 :(得分:1)

 int bit = 1 << value; //left bit shift - selects the bit that corresponds to value
 if ((flag & bit) != 0) return false; //bitwise AND - checks the flag to see whether bit is already set
 flag |= bit; // bitwise OR - sets the bit in the flag