Networkx：查找Graph中多个节点之一的最短路径

Question

我有不同位置的图表：

import networkx as nx

G = nx.Graph()
for edge in Edge.objects.all():
    G.add_edge(edge.from_location, edge.to_location, weight=edge.distance)

位置（节点）有不同的类型（厕所，建筑物入口等）我需要找到从某个给定位置到特定类型的任何位置的最短路径。 （例如：查找给定节点最近的入口。）

Networkx库中是否有一些方法可以解决没有循环的问题？类似的东西：

nx.shortest_path(
     G,
     source=start_location,
     target=[first_location, second_location],
     weight='weight'
)

如果两个位置属于同一类型，则结果将是first_location或second_location的最短路径。

还有一些方法也会返回路径长度吗？

Answer 1

我们将分三步完成。

• 第1步：让我们创建一个虚拟图来说明
• 步骤2：绘制图形和颜色节点以指示边长和特殊节点类型（厕所，入口等）。
• 步骤3：从任何给定节点（源）计算到所有可到达节点的最短路径，然后子集到感兴趣的节点类型并选择具有最小长度的路径。

下面的代码肯定可以优化，但这可能更容易理解。

第1步：创建图表

edge_objects = [(1,2, 0.4), (1, 3, 1.7), (2, 4, 1.2), (3, 4, 0.3), (4 , 5, 1.9), 
(4 ,6, 0.6), (1,7, 0.4), (3,5, 1.7), (2, 6, 1.2), (6, 7, 0.3), 
(6, 8, 1.9), (8,9, 0.6)]

toilets = [5,9] # Mark two nodes (5 & 9) to be toilets
entrances = [2,7] # Mark two nodes (2 & 7) to be Entrances
common_nodes = [1,3,4,6,8] #all the other nodes

node_types = [(9, 'toilet'), (5, 'toilet'),
              (7, 'entrance'), (2, 'entrance')]

#create the networkx Graph with node types and specifying edge distances
G = nx.Graph()

for n,typ in node_types:
    G.add_node(n, type=typ) #add each node to the graph

for from_loc, to_loc, dist in edge_objects:
    G.add_edge(from_loc, to_loc, distance=dist) #add all the edges   

第2步：绘制图表

#Draw the graph (optional step)
pos = nx.spring_layout(G)
nx.draw(G, pos, with_labels=True)
edge_labels = nx.get_edge_attributes(G,'distance')
nx.draw_networkx_edge_labels(G, pos, edge_labels = edge_labels)
nx.draw_networkx_nodes(G, pos, nodelist=toilets, node_color='b')
nx.draw_networkx_nodes(G, pos, nodelist=entrances, node_color='g')
nx.draw_networkx_nodes(G, pos, nodelist=common_nodes, node_color='r')
plt.show()

步骤3：创建小函数以找到节点类型的最短路径

def subset_typeofnode(G, typestr):
    '''return those nodes in graph G that match type = typestr.'''
    return [name for name, d in G.nodes(data=True) 
            if 'type' in d and (d['type'] ==typestr)]

#All computations happen in this function
def find_nearest(typeofnode, fromnode):

    #Calculate the length of paths from fromnode to all other nodes
    lengths=nx.single_source_dijkstra_path_length(G, fromnode, weight='distance')
    paths = nx.single_source_dijkstra_path(G, fromnode)

    #We are only interested in a particular type of node
    subnodes = subset_typeofnode(G, typeofnode)
    subdict = {k: v for k, v in lengths.items() if k in subnodes}

    #return the smallest of all lengths to get to typeofnode
    if subdict: #dict of shortest paths to all entrances/toilets
        nearest =  min(subdict, key=subdict.get) #shortest value among all the keys
        return(nearest, subdict[nearest], paths[nearest])
    else: #not found, no path from source to typeofnode
        return(None, None, None)

测试：

 find_nearest('entrance', fromnode=5)

产生

 (7, 2.8, [5, 4, 6, 7])

含义：距离5最近的“入口”节点为7，路径长度为2.8，完整路径为：[5,4,6,7]。希望这有助于您前进。如果有任何不清楚的地方，请询问。