退出时显示表面退出错误

Question

我做了一个pygame程序什么工作正常，但当我尝试退出它时，出现错误：pygame.error：显示Surface退出，并显示代码部分：DS.blit（bg，（back_x - bg.get_rect （）。width，0））。我在我的事件中以及循环结束时使用quit（）命令。无法弄清问题在哪里。

import pygame, os, random

pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.init()

W, H = 800,600
HW, HH = W/2,H/2

WHITE = (255,255,255)
PURPLE = (139,34,82)

FPS = 60
DS = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption('Purpleman')

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

#Allalaadimised
bg = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('Pildid', 'Taust3.png'))
bg = pygame.transform.scale(bg, (2000, 600))
startscreen = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('Pildid', 'Start.png'))
startscreen = pygame.transform.scale(startscreen, (800, 600))
endscreen = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('Pildid', 'dead.png'))
endscreen = pygame.transform.scale(endscreen, (800, 600))
PLAYER_SHEET =  pygame.image.load(os.path.join('Pildid', 'karakter.png')).convert_alpha()

menuu = pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join('Helid', 'Taust_laul.ogg'))
ohno = pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join('Helid', 'ohno.ogg'))
sad = pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join('Helid', 'sad.ogg'))
pygame.mixer.music.load(os.path.join('Helid', 'taustalaul.ogg'))

pygame.display.set_icon(bg)


# Sprite sheeti loikamine ja lisamine listi
PLAYER_IMAGES = []
width = PLAYER_SHEET.get_width() / 4
height = PLAYER_SHEET.get_height()
for x in range(4):
    PLAYER_IMAGES.append(PLAYER_SHEET.subsurface(x*width, 0, width, height))


class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    '''Mangija'''
    def __init__(self, x, y, py):
        super(Player,self).__init__()
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

        self.jumping = False
        self.platform_y = py
        self.velocity_index = 0
        self.velocity = list([(i/ 1.5)-25 for i in range (0,60)]) #huppe ulatus ja kiirus

        self.frame_index = 0
        self.image = PLAYER_IMAGES[self.frame_index] #kaadri valimine
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image) #hitbox

    def do_jump(self):
        '''Huppemehaanika'''
        if self.jumping:
            self.y += self.velocity[self.velocity_index]
            self.velocity_index += 2
            if self.velocity_index >= len(self.velocity) - 1: #huppe aeglustus (nagu gravitatsioon)
                self.velocity_index = len(self.velocity) - 1
            if self.y > self.platform_y: #platvormi tagades ei huppa
                self.y = self.platform_y
                self.jumping = False
                self.velocity_index = 0


    def update(self):
        '''Kaadrite vahetus ja huppamine'''
        self.rect.center = self.x, self.y
        self.do_jump()
        # Animatsiooni kaadri uuendamine.
        self.frame_index += 1
        self.frame_index %= len(PLAYER_IMAGES) * 7
        # Pildi vahetamine.
        self.image = PLAYER_IMAGES[self.frame_index//7]


def keys(player):
    '''Mangija inputi saamine'''
    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    if keys[pygame.K_SPACE] or keys[pygame.K_UP] and player.jumping == False:
        player.jumping = True


class Obstacle(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    '''Mangu takistused'''
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        super(Obstacle,self).__init__()
        self.image = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('Pildid', 'kivi.png')).convert_alpha()
        self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (90,90))
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect(center=(x, y))
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image)

    def update(self):
        '''Takistuse kustutamine'''
        if self.x < -64:
            self.kill()
        self.x += speed
        self.rect.center = self.x, self.y


class Scoring():
    '''Punktide lugemine ja menuud'''
    def __init__(self):
        with open('highscore.txt', 'w') as f: #high score salvestamine
            try:
                self.highscore = int(f.read())
            except:
                self.highscore = 0

    def score(self,points):
        self.font = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf',30)
        self.text = self.font.render('Score: ' + str(points) , True, PURPLE)
        DS.blit(self.text, (0,0))

    def text_objects(self,text, font):
        self.textSurface = font.render(text, True, PURPLE)
        return self.textSurface, self.textSurface.get_rect()

    def message_display(self,text):
        self.largeText = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf',60)
        self.TextSurf, self.TextRect = self.text_objects(text, self.largeText)
        self.TextRect.center = ((W/2),(H/4))
        DS.blit(self.TextSurf, self.TextRect)
        pygame.display.update()
        self.waiting = True

    def startscreen(self):
        '''Algusaken'''
        menuu.play(-1)
        DS.blit(startscreen, [0,0])
        self.draw_text('Purpleman', 48, PURPLE, W/2, H/4)
        self.draw_text('Space to jump', 22, PURPLE, W/2, H*3/7)
        self.draw_text('Press key to play', 22, PURPLE, W/2, H*5/9)
        self.draw_text('High score: ' + str(self.highscore), 22, PURPLE, W/2, 15)
        self.draw_text('All made by TaaviR', 14, WHITE, W/2, 570)
        pygame.display.update()
        self.wait_for_key()

    def pause_endscreen(self):
        '''Lopuaken'''
        sad.play()
        DS.blit(endscreen, [0,0])
        self.draw_text('GAME OVER', 48, PURPLE, W/2, H/4)
        self.draw_text('You ran ' + str(points), 22, PURPLE, W/2, H/2)
        self.draw_text('Press key to play again', 22, WHITE, W/2, H*5/6)
        if points > self.highscore: #high score mehhanism
            self.highscore = points
            self.draw_text('NEW HIGH SCORE!', 22, PURPLE, W/2, H/2 + 40)
            with open('highscore.txt', 'w') as f:
                f.write(str(points))
        else:
            self.draw_text('Highscore ' + str(self.highscore), 22, PURPLE, W/2, H/2 + 40)

        pygame.display.update()

        self.wait_for_key()
        self.waiting = True

    def wait_for_key(self):
        '''Mangija input menuu jaoks'''
        self.waiting = True
        while self.waiting:
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    pygame.quit()
                    self.waiting = False
                    pygame.mixer.quit()

                elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                    self.waiting = False
                    menuu.stop()
                    pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)
                    sad.stop()

    def draw_text(self,text, size, color, x, y):
        self.font = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', size)
        self.text_surface = self.font.render(text, True, color)
        self.text_rect = self.text_surface.get_rect()
        self.text_rect.midtop = (x, y)
        DS.blit(self.text_surface, self.text_rect)

    def crash(self):
        self.message_display('Purpleman got hurt')
        self.waiting = True

def background():
    '''Liikuv taust'''
    back_x = x % bg.get_rect().width
    # ---Draw everything.---
    DS.blit(bg, (back_x - bg.get_rect().width, 0))
    if back_x < W:
        DS.blit(bg, (back_x, 0))


pygame.time.set_timer(pygame.USEREVENT+2, random.choice([2500, 3000, 1500,1000])) #valjastamaks suvaliselt takistusi

#klassid
obstacle = Obstacle(832, 412)
player = Player(190, 359, 359)

#sprite grupid
all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group(player, obstacle)
obstacles = pygame.sprite.Group(obstacle)

#vajalikud vaartused
index = 3
points = 0
x = 0
x -= 1
speed = -5

start = Scoring()
start.startscreen()
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)

running = True
while running:
    # ---Mangumootor.---
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False
            pygame.mixer.quit()
            pygame.quit()
        elif event.type == pygame.USEREVENT+2:
            r = random.randrange(0, 2)
            if r == 0:
                obstacle = Obstacle(832, 412)
                # Lisamaks takistuse gruppidesse
                obstacles.add(obstacle)
                all_sprites.add(obstacle)



    # ---Mangu loogika---
    all_sprites.update()

    collided = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player, obstacles, True, pygame.sprite.collide_mask) #kokkupuutumine

    if collided:
        ohno.play()
        pygame.mixer.music.stop()
        start.crash()
        pygame.time.delay(3000)
        pygame.event.clear()
        obstacles.empty()
        start.pause_endscreen()
        points = 0
        speed = -5

    else:
        points += 1

    #vajalikud vaartused
    index += 1
    x -= 2
    speed += -0.008

    #funktsioonid
    background()
    start.score(points)
    all_sprites.draw(DS)
    keys(player)

    pygame.display.update()
    clock.tick(60)

pygame.mixer.quit()
pygame.quit()

Answer 1

发生pygame.quit()事件时，请勿在事件循环中调用pygame.QUIT和pygame.quit()。当你调用pygame.display.update时，你不能再使用像pygame.quit这样的pygame函数了，因为所有的模块都是未初始化的，而且由于while循环仍然在运行，所以会引发这个异常。

因此，只需删除事件循环中的pygame.mixer.quit()和pygame.quit，然后在程序结束时调用它们（就像您已经这样做）。

实际上，您甚至不必调用这些函数，只需让程序完成任何其他程序即可。我认为只有在你使用IDLE IDE（以及其他基于tkinter的应用程序）运行游戏时才需要type :: net_t private character(:), allocatable :: net_type !< Type of the net integer(kind=integer_4neuro) :: num_of_neurons !< Number of neurons in the net character(:), allocatable :: training_method !< Used training method class(neuron_t), allocatable :: neuron_arr(:) !< Array containing all neurons integer(kind=integer_4neuro), allocatable :: input_neuron_arr(:) !< Array of input neuron indices integer(kind=integer_4neuro), allocatable :: output_neuron_arr(:) !< Array of output neuron indices class(connection_t), allocatable :: connection_arr(:) !< Array of all connections contains !> Prints information about the network to the standard output. procedure :: print_info => print_info_impl !> Saves the network instance to the Fortran binary file procedure :: save_net_bin => save_net_bin_impl !> Implementation of write function enabling the storage of !! allocatable arrays. procedure :: write_sample => write_sample_impl !> Implementation of read function enabling to read !! the whole instance of net_t stored as binary file. procedure :: read_sample => read_sample_impl generic :: write(unformatted) => write_sample generic :: read(unformatted) => read_sample end type net_t 关闭窗口。