Matplotlib中的3D参数曲线不尊重zorder。解决方法？

时间：2016-06-03 09:44:19

标签： python matplotlib mplot3d

我正在使用Matplotlib设计一个三维插图。一切都很好，除了（红色）参数曲线得到错误的zorder，而（绿色）参数曲面完全正确绘制。

以下代码生成的输出： Output generated by code below

我知道Matplotlib在精确计算对象zorder方面的能力有限，但由于它可以用于参数曲面，所以它似乎是Matplotlib中的一个错误。

那就是说，有没有办法强制正确的z排序只是为了让事情快速起作用？似乎所有我必须要说的是，正确的透明蓝色飞机位于其他一切之上。但是，将一个zorder参数放入PolyCollection似乎没有任何效果，并且将一个显式的zorder参数放入绘制读取线的绘图函数中会使其相对于绿色表面的排序变得混乱。

有没有办法在所有东西上强制使用正确的蓝色透明表面？这是我到目前为止的代码：

#!/bin/env python3

from pylab import *
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import *

from matplotlib.collections import PolyCollection
from matplotlib.colors import colorConverter
from matplotlib.patches import FancyArrowPatch

rc('text', usetex=True)
rc('font', size=20)

fig = figure(figsize=(11,6))
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

ax.set_axis_off()

def f(x,t):
    return t/2 * 0.55*(sin(2*x)+0.4*x**2-0.65)

c_plane   = colorConverter.to_rgba('b', alpha=0.15)

N = 50
y = linspace(-1,1,N)
t = linspace(0,2,N)
yy, tt = meshgrid(y, t)
zz = f(yy,tt)

ax.plot(0*ones(y.shape), y, f(y,0), '-g', linewidth=3)
ax.plot(2*ones(y.shape), y, f(y,2), '-g', linewidth=3)

yt = 0.7*y
zt = f(yt, t) + 0.2*t

ax.plot(t, yt, zt, '-r', linewidth=3)
ax.plot((0,2), (yt[0], yt[-1]), (zt[0], zt[-1]), 'or')

ax.plot([2,2,2], [-1,yt[-1],yt[-1]], [zt[-1],zt[-1],-1], 'k--')
ax.plot(2*ones(y.shape), yt, f(yt,2)+0.1*(y+1), 'g:', linewidth=2)
ax.plot((2,2),
(yt[0], yt[-1]),
(f(yt[0], 2), f(yt[-1], 2) + 0.1*(y[-1]+1)), 'og')
ax.plot((0,2,2),
(-1,-1,zt[-1]),
(0,yt[-1],-1), 'ok')

ax.text(0, -1.1, 0, r'$p(0)=0$', ha='right', va='center')
ax.text(2, -1.05, zt[-1], r'$p(T)$', ha='right', va='center')
ax.text(0, -1.0, 1, r'$p$', ha='right', va='bottom')
ax.text(0, 1, -1.1, r'$q$', ha='center', va='top')
ax.text(0, -1, -1.1, r'$t=0$', ha='right', va='top')
ax.text(2, -1, -1.1, r'$t=T$', ha='right', va='top')
ax.text(2, yt[-1]-0.05, -1.05, r'$q(T)=q^*$', ha='left', va='top')
ax.text(0, 0.5, 0.05, r'$\mathcal{M}(0)$', ha='center', va='bottom')
ax.text(2, 0.1, -0.8, r'$\mathcal{M}(T)$', ha='center', va='bottom')

arrowprops = dict(mutation_scale=20,
linewidth=2,
arrowstyle='-|>',
color='k')

# For arrows, see
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29188612/arrows-in-matplotlib-using-mplot3d
class Arrow3D(FancyArrowPatch):
    def __init__(self, xs, ys, zs, *args, **kwargs):
        FancyArrowPatch.__init__(self, (0,0), (0,0), *args, **kwargs)
        self._verts3d = xs, ys, zs

    def draw(self, renderer):
        xs3d, ys3d, zs3d = self._verts3d
        xs, ys, zs = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, renderer.M)
        self.set_positions((xs[0],ys[0]),(xs[1],ys[1]))
        FancyArrowPatch.draw(self, renderer)

a = Arrow3D([0,2], [-1,-1], [-1,-1], **arrowprops)
ax.add_artist(a)
a = Arrow3D([0,0], [-1,-1], [-1,1], **arrowprops)
ax.add_artist(a)
a = Arrow3D([0,0], [-1,1], [-1,-1], **arrowprops)
ax.add_artist(a)

# For surface illumination, see
# http://physicalmodelingwithpython.blogspot.de/2015/08/illuminating-surface-plots.html

# Get lighting object for shading surface plots.
from matplotlib.colors import LightSource

# Get colormaps to use with lighting object.
from matplotlib import cm

# Create an instance of a LightSource and use it to illuminate the surface.
light = LightSource(70, -120)
white = np.ones((zz.shape[0], zz.shape[1], 3))
illuminated_surface = light.shade_rgb(white*(0,1,0), zz)

ax.plot_surface(tt, yy, zz,
cstride=1, rstride=1,
alpha=0.3, facecolors=illuminated_surface,
linewidth=0)

verts = [array([(-1,-1), (-1,1), (1,1), (1,-1), (-1,-1)])]

poly = PolyCollection(verts, facecolors=c_plane)
ax.add_collection3d(poly, zs=[0], zdir='x')
poly = PolyCollection(verts, facecolors=c_plane)
ax.add_collection3d(poly, zs=[2], zdir='x')

ax.set_xlim3d(0, 2)
ax.view_init(elev=18, azim=-54)

show()

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：3)

public boolean isSorted() { for (int i = 0; i < list.size() - 1; i++){ if (list.get(i).compareTo(list.get(i + 1)) > 0){ return false; } } return true; } 会忽略Axes3D并按照它认为的顺序吸引所有艺术家。但是，您可以将zorder设置为红线，将zorder=0设置为绿色表面（反之亦然），将它们置于右侧蓝色面板后面。

我的结果：

enter image description here

你必须知道：

  

轴的默认绘制顺序是补丁，线条，文本。这个   订单由zorder属性决定。以下默认值   已设置

     

艺术家Z顺序

     

Patch / PatchCollection 1

     

Line2D / LineCollection 2

     

文字3

答案 1 :(得分：2)

经过多次试验和错误，我找到了解决方案。 如果使用plot_surface 和绘制右平面，我在红色曲线上更改zorder，matplotlib正确获取对象的整体顺序。有趣的是，无论我是通过PolyCollection还是plot_surface绘制它们，平面的颜色都会略有变化，因此我需要使用相同的函数绘制两个平面。因此mplot3d的zorder处理相当不一致，但最终结果看起来相当不错。 I post it here for reference

最终代码在这里：

#!/bin/env python3

from pylab import *
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import *

from matplotlib.collections import PolyCollection
from matplotlib.colors import colorConverter
from matplotlib.patches import FancyArrowPatch

rc('text', usetex=True)
rc('font', size=20)

fig = figure(figsize=(11,6))
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

ax.set_axis_off()

def f(x,t):
    return t/2 * 0.55*(sin(2*x)+0.4*x**2-0.65)

c_plane   = colorConverter.to_rgba('b', alpha=0.15)

N = 50
y = linspace(-1,1,N)
t = linspace(0,2,N)
yy, tt = meshgrid(y, t)
zz = f(yy,tt)

ax.plot(0*ones(y.shape), y, f(y,0), '-g', linewidth=3)
ax.plot(2*ones(y.shape), y, f(y,2), '-g', linewidth=3)

yt = 0.7*y
zt = f(yt, t) + 0.2*t

ax.plot(t, yt, zt, '-r', linewidth=3, zorder = 1)

ax.plot([2,2,2], [-1,yt[-1],yt[-1]], [zt[-1],zt[-1],-1], 'k--')
ax.plot(2*ones(y.shape), yt, f(yt,2)+0.1*(y+1), 'g:', linewidth=2)
ax.plot((2,2),
        (yt[0], yt[-1]),
        (f(yt[0], 2), f(yt[-1], 2) + 0.1*(y[-1]+1)), 'og')
ax.plot((0,2,2),
        (-1,-1,zt[-1]),
        (0,yt[-1],-1), 'ok')

ax.text(0, -1.1, 0, r'$p(0)=0$', ha='right', va='center')
ax.text(2, -1.05, zt[-1], r'$p(T)$', ha='right', va='center')
ax.text(0, -1.0, 1, r'$p$', ha='right', va='bottom')
ax.text(0, 1, -1.1, r'$q$', ha='center', va='top')
ax.text(0, -1, -1.1, r'$t=0$', ha='right', va='top')
ax.text(2, -1, -1.1, r'$t=T$', ha='right', va='top')
ax.text(2, yt[-1]-0.05, -1.05, r'$q(T)=q^*$', ha='left', va='top')
ax.text(0, 0.5, 0.05, r'$\mathcal{M}(0)$', ha='center', va='bottom')
ax.text(2, 0.1, -0.8, r'$\mathcal{M}(T)$', ha='center', va='bottom')

arrowprops = dict(mutation_scale=20,
                  linewidth=2,
                  arrowstyle='-|>',
                  color='k')

# For arrows, see
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29188612/arrows-in-matplotlib-using-mplot3d
class Arrow3D(FancyArrowPatch):
    def __init__(self, xs, ys, zs, *args, **kwargs):
        FancyArrowPatch.__init__(self, (0,0), (0,0), *args, **kwargs)
        self._verts3d = xs, ys, zs

    def draw(self, renderer):
        xs3d, ys3d, zs3d = self._verts3d
        xs, ys, zs = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, renderer.M)
        self.set_positions((xs[0],ys[0]),(xs[1],ys[1]))
        FancyArrowPatch.draw(self, renderer)

a = Arrow3D([0,2], [-1,-1], [-1,-1], **arrowprops)
ax.add_artist(a)
a = Arrow3D([0,0], [-1,-1], [-1,1], **arrowprops)
ax.add_artist(a)
a = Arrow3D([0,0], [-1,1], [-1,-1], **arrowprops)
ax.add_artist(a)

# For surface illumination, see
# http://physicalmodelingwithpython.blogspot.de/2015/08/illuminating-surface-plots.html

# Get lighting object for shading surface plots.
from matplotlib.colors import LightSource

# Get colormaps to use with lighting object.
from matplotlib import cm

# Create an instance of a LightSource and use it to illuminate the surface.
light = LightSource(70, -120)
white = ones((zz.shape[0], zz.shape[1], 3))
illuminated_surface = light.shade_rgb(white*(0,1,0), zz)

ax.plot_surface(tt, yy, zz,
                cstride=1, rstride=1,
                alpha=0.3, facecolors=illuminated_surface,
                linewidth=0,
                zorder=10)

verts = [array([(-1,-1), (-1,1), (1,1), (1,-1), (-1,-1)])]

ax.plot_surface(((0,0),(0,0)), ((-1,-1),(1,1)), ((-1,1),(-1,1)),
                color=c_plane)

ax.plot_surface(((2,2),(2,2)), ((-1,-1),(1,1)), ((-1,1),(-1,1)),
                color=c_plane)

ax.plot((0,2), (yt[0], yt[-1]), (zt[0], zt[-1]), 'or')

ax.set_xlim3d(0, 2)
ax.view_init(elev=18, azim=-54)

show()
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