表示地址需要多少内存?

时间:2012-03-11 12:27:58

标签: c++ pointers

考虑下面这段代码。

int var;

cout << (long)&var;

我怀疑的是我们怎么知道long int有足够的宽度来保存&var指示的内存位置。如果还不够怎么办?

我正在执行的完整代码......

//: C03:YourPets2.cpp
// From Thinking in C++, 2nd Edition
// Available at http://www.BruceEckel.com
// (c) Bruce Eckel 2000
// Copyright notice in Copyright.txt
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int dog, cat, bird, fish;

void f(int pet) {
  cout << "pet id number: " << pet << endl;
}

int main() {
  int i, j, k;
  cout << "Address size " << sizeof(&f) << endl;
  cout << "Long size " << sizeof(long) << endl;
  cout << "Intptr size " << sizeof(intptr_t) << endl;
  cout << "f(): " << &f << endl;  
  cout << "f(): " << (long)&f << endl;
  cout << "f(): " << (long long)&f << endl;
  cout << "dog: " << (long)&dog << endl;
  cout << "cat: " << &cat << endl;
  cout << "bird: " << &bird << endl;
  cout << "fish: " << (long)&fish << endl;
  cout << "i: " << (long)&i << endl;
  cout << "i: " << (long long)&i << endl;
  cout << "j: " << (long)&j << endl;
  cout << "k: " << (long)&k << endl;
} ///:~

我得到的结果:

Address size 4
Long size 4
Intptr size 4
f(): 1
f(): 134514548
f(): 134514548
dog: 134521044
cat: 0x804a0d8
bird: 0x804a0dc
fish: 134521056
i: -1074729380
i: -1074729380
j: -1074729384
k: -1074729388

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

你没有。对于具有比任何整数更大的存储要求的指针,它是可能的 - 如果不可能的话。如果有一个合适的整数类型,那么std::intptr_t中定义的std::uintptr_t(也可能是<cstdint>)将有一个typedef(仅限C ++ 11)。

您可以通过在intptr_t之后测试宏INTPTR_MAX(或INTPTR_MIN)的定义来测试预处理器阶段是否存在#include <cstdint>

如果您只想使用std::cout打印指针值,则可以转换为void*int*不必要但char*必需)并使用{{1}直接没有强制转换为整数类型。

答案 1 :(得分:3)

您可以使用断言(或其他类型的检查)。 检查应采用

格式
  

断言(sizeof(&amp; var)&lt; = sizeof(long));