Question

我想编写一个词法分析器生成器，将Matlab语言的基本子集转换为C＃，C ++等。为了帮助我这样做，我想找到一个包含matlab正式语法的文档。花了一点时间研究这个，似乎mathworks没有提供。有谁知道我在哪里可以找到这样的文件？

Answer 1

这不是完整的语法，但在2000年为编译器课程提供了yacc-keable for matlab。从这里，您可以轻松创建BNF和EBNF。

primary_expression
        : IDENTIFIER                  
        | CONSTANT    
        | STRING_LITERAL        
        | '(' expression ')'
        | '[' ']'
        | '[' array_list ']'
        ;

postfix_expression
        : primary_expression
        | array_expression
        | postfix_expression TRANSPOSE
        | postfix_expression NCTRANSPOSE
        ;

index_expression
        : ':'
        | expression
        ;

index_expression_list
        : index_expression
        | index_expression_list ',' index_expression
        ;

array_expression
        : IDENTIFIER '(' index_expression_list ')'
        ;

unary_expression
        : postfix_expression
        | unary_operator postfix_expression
        ;

unary_operator
        : '+'
        | '-'
        | '~'
        ;

multiplicative_expression
        : unary_expression
        | multiplicative_expression '*' unary_expression
        | multiplicative_expression '/' unary_expression
        | multiplicative_expression '\\' unary_expression
        | multiplicative_expression '^' unary_expression
        | multiplicative_expression ARRAYMUL unary_expression
        | multiplicative_expression ARRAYDIV unary_expression
        | multiplicative_expression ARRAYRDIV unary_expression
        | multiplicative_expression ARRAYPOW unary_expression
        ;

additive_expression
        : multiplicative_expression
        | additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
        | additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
        ;

relational_expression
        : additive_expression
        | relational_expression '<' additive_expression
        | relational_expression '>' additive_expression
        | relational_expression LE_OP additive_expression
        | relational_expression GE_OP additive_expression
        ;

equality_expression
        : relational_expression
        | equality_expression EQ_OP relational_expression
        | equality_expression NE_OP relational_expression
        ;

and_expression
        : equality_expression
        | and_expression '&' equality_expression
        ;

or_expression
        : and_expression
        | or_expression '|' and_expression
        ;

expression
        : or_expression
    | expression ':' or_expression
    ;

assignment_expression
        : postfix_expression '=' expression

eostmt
        :  ','
        |  ';'
        |  CR
        ;

statement
        : global_statement
        | clear_statement
        | assignment_statement
        | expression_statement
        | selection_statement
        | iteration_statement
        | jump_statement
        ;

statement_list
        : statement
        | statement_list statement
        ;

identifier_list
        : IDENTIFIER
        | identifier_list IDENTIFIER
        ;

global_statement
        : GLOBAL identifier_list eostmt
        ;

clear_statement
        : CLEAR identifier_list eostmt
        ;

expression_statement
        : eostmt
        | expression eostmt
        ;

assignment_statement
        : assignment_expression eostmt
        ;

array_element
        : expression
        | expression_statement
        ;

array_list
        : array_element
        | array_list array_element
        ;

selection_statement
        : IF expression statement_list END eostmt
        | IF expression statement_list ELSE statement_list END eostmt
        | IF expression statement_list elseif_clause END eostmt
        | IF expression statement_list elseif_clause
          ELSE statement_list END eostmt
        ;

elseif_clause
        : ELSEIF expression statement_list
    | elseif_clause ELSEIF expression statement_list
        ;

iteration_statement
        : WHILE expression statement_list END eostmt
        | FOR IDENTIFIER '=' expression statement_list END eostmt
        | FOR '(' IDENTIFIER '=' expression ')' statement_list END eostmt 
        ;

jump_statement
        : BREAK eostmt
        | RETURN eostmt
        ;

translation_unit
        : statement_list
        | FUNCTION function_declare eostmt statement_list
        ;

func_ident_list
        : IDENTIFIER
        | func_ident_list ',' IDENTIFIER
        ;

func_return_list
        : IDENTIFIER
        | '[' func_ident_list ']'
        ;

function_declare_lhs
        : IDENTIFIER
        | IDENTIFIER '(' ')'
        | IDENTIFIER '(' func_ident_list ')'
        ;

function_declare
        : function_declare_lhs
        | func_return_list '=' function_declare_lhs
        ;

Answer 2

编写自己的正式语法的绝佳机会:)

如果您应该选择自己编写语法，我可以推荐BNFC，它可以采用正式的BNF语法，并为几种目标语言构建数据结构和词法分析器/解析器（C / C ++，C＃， Java，Haskell等）。这将为您节省大量时间，让您专注于制定语法，然后以您的偏好语言实现转换器。

如果不出意外，BNFC的链接包含一些关于如何制定BNF语法的帮助和指示。祝你好运！

Answer 3

Dave Wingate提供了一些看起来像是一个很好的起点的Antler资源。如他的README文件中所述，他不包括转置运算符和一些其他棘手的解析。请在此处查看 mparser 链接：
http://web.mit.edu/~wingated/www/resources.html

早期版本的Matlab（1999）的一些棘手问题也在西北大学的一个小组的文件中有所描述。它包括类似EBNF的描述。它还在一些脚注中概述了一些讨厌的内容 http://www.ece.northwestern.edu/cpdc/pjoisha/MAGICA/CPDC-TR-9909-017.pdf

我收集了其他一些不太相关的消息来源，但是stackoverflow的编辑机器人告诉我，我没有足够的声望点来发布两个以上的链接。

Answer 4

您可以从调整MATLAB开始 - ＆gt; Python转换器smop，它本身是用Python编写的。它使用PLY（Python lex - yacc）。您可能感兴趣的文件是lexer.py和parse.py。

另请参阅this answer以获取从MATLAB到Python的转换器列表。

Answer 5

我不确定它什么时候出现（可能是2019年4月4日），但是现在可以在Mathworks' GitHub上使用。这是语法定义的xml文件（截至2019年4月9日;已压缩以避免SO字符数限制）：

版权所有，The MathWorks，Inc.，拥有BSD2许可，版权所有。

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)([b-df-hk-moq-zA-HJ-MO-Z]\w*|a|an|a([A-Za-mo-z0-9_]\w*|n[A-Za-rt-z0-9_]\w*|ns\w+)|e|ep|e([A-Za-oq-z0-9_]\w*|p[A-Za-rt-z0-9_]\w*|ps\w+)|in|i([A-Za-mo-z0-9_]\w*|n[A-Za-eg-z0-9_]\w*|nf\w+)|I|In|I([A-Za-mo-z0-9_]\w*|n[A-Za-eg-z0-9_]\w*|nf\w+)|j\w+|N|Na|N([A-Zb-z0-9_]\w*|a[A-MO-Za-z0-9_]\w*|aN\w+)|n|na|nar|narg|nargi|nargo|nargou|n([A-Zb-z0-9_]\w*|a([A-Za-mo-qs-z0-9_]\w*|n\w+|r([A-Za-fh-z0-9_]\w*|g([A-Za-hj-nq-z0-9_]\w*|i([A-Za-mo-z0-9_]\w*|n\w+)|o([A-Za-tv-z0-9_]\w*|u([A-Za-su-z]\w*|t\w+))))))|p|p[A-Za-hj-z0-9_]\w*|pi\w+)(?# &lt;A )\s+(((?# B&gt; )([^\s;,%()=.{&amp;|~&lt;&gt;:+\-*/\\@^'"]|(?=')|(?="))(?# &lt;B )|(?# C&gt; )(\.\^|\.\*|\./|\.\\|\.'|\.\(|&amp;&amp;|==|\|\||&amp;(?=[^&amp;])|\|(?=[^\|])|~=|&lt;=|&gt;=|~(?!=)|&lt;(?!=)|&gt;(?!=)|:|\+|-|\*|/|\\|@|\^)(?# &lt;C )(?# D&gt; )([^\s]|\s*(?=%)|\s+$|\s+(,|;|\)|}|\]|&amp;|\||&lt;|&gt;|=|:|\*|/|\\|\^|@|(\.[^\d.]|\.\.[^.])))(?# &lt;D )|(?# E&gt; )(\.[^^*/\\'(\sA-Za-z])(?# &lt;E ))(?# F&gt; )([^%]|'[^']*'|"[^"]*")*(?# &lt;F )|(?# X&gt; )(\.(?=\s)|\.[A-Za-z]|(?={))(?# &lt;X )(?# Y&gt; )([^(=\'"%]|==|'[^']*'|"[^"]*"|\(|\([^)%]*\)|\[|\[[^\]%]*\]|{|{[^}%]*})*(\.\.\.[^%]*)?((?=%)|$)(?# &lt;Y )))(%.*)?$</string></dict><key>comment_block</key><dict><key>begin</key><string>(^[\s]*)%\{[^\n\S]*+\n</string><key>beginCaptures</key><dict><key>1</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.definition.comment.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>end</key><string>^[\s]*%\}[^\n\S]*+(?:\n|$)</string><key>name</key><string>comment.block.percentage.matlab</string><key>patterns</key><array><dict><key>include</key><string>#comment_block</string></dict><dict><key>match</key><string>^[^\n]*\n</string></dict></array></dict><key>comments</key><dict><key>patterns</key><array><dict><key>begin</key><string>(^[ \t]+)?(?=%%\s)</string><key>beginCaptures</key><dict><key>1</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.whitespace.comment.leading.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>end</key><string>(?!\G)</string><key>patterns</key><array><dict><key>begin</key><string>%%</string><key>beginCaptures</key><dict><key>0</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.definition.comment.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>end</key><string>\n</string><key>name</key><string>comment.line.double-percentage.matlab</string><key>patterns</key><array><dict><key>begin</key><string>\G[^\S\n]*(?![\n\s])</string><key>contentName</key><string>meta.cell.matlab</string><key>end</key><string>(?=\n)</string></dict></array></dict></array></dict><dict><key>include</key><string>#comment_block</string></dict><dict><key>begin</key><string>(^[ \t]+)?(?=%)</string><key>beginCaptures</key><dict><key>1</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.whitespace.comment.leading.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>end</key><string>(?!\G)</string><key>patterns</key><array><dict><key>begin</key><string>%</string><key>beginCaptures</key><dict><key>0</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.definition.comment.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>end</key><string>\n</string><key>name</key><string>comment.line.percentage.matlab</string></dict></array></dict></array></dict><key>control_statements</key><dict><key>captures</key><dict><key>1</key><dict><key>name</key><string>keyword.control.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>match</key><string>^\s*(break|continue|return)\b</string><key>name</key><string>meta.control.matlab</string></dict><key>function</key><dict><key>patterns</key><array><dict><key>begin</key><string>(?x)
                            (^\s*)                                              # Leading whitespace
                            (function)
                            \s+
                            (?:                                                 # Optional
                                (?:
                                    (\[) ([^\]]*) (\])
                                  | ([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)
                                )
                                \s* = \s*
                            )?
                            ([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*(\.[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)*)   # Function name
                            \s*                                                 # Trailing space
                        </string><key>beginCaptures</key><dict><key>2</key><dict><key>name</key><string>storage.type.function.matlab</string></dict><key>3</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.definition.arguments.begin.matlab</string></dict><key>4</key><dict><key>patterns</key><array><dict><key>match</key><string>\w+</string><key>name</key><string>variable.parameter.output.matlab</string></dict></array></dict><key>5</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.definition.arguments.end.matlab</string></dict><key>6</key><dict><key>name</key><string>variable.parameter.output.function.matlab</string></dict><key>7</key><dict><key>name</key><string>entity.name.function.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>end</key><string>^\s*(end)\b(\s*\n)?</string><key>endCaptures</key><dict><key>1</key><dict><key>name</key><string>keyword.control.end.function.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>name</key><string>meta.function.matlab</string><key>patterns</key><array><dict><key>begin</key><string>\G\(</string><key>end</key><string>\)</string><key>name</key><string>meta.arguments.function.matlab</string><key>patterns</key><array><dict><key>match</key><string>\w+</string><key>name</key><string>variable.parameter.input.matlab</string></dict></array></dict><dict><key>include</key><string>$self</string></dict></array></dict></array></dict><key>global_persistent</key><dict><key>captures</key><dict><key>1</key><dict><key>name</key><string>keyword.control.globalpersistent.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>match</key><string>^\s*(global|persistent)\b</string><key>name</key><string>meta.globalpersistent.matlab</string></dict><key>line_continuation</key><dict><key>captures</key><dict><key>1</key><dict><key>name</key><string>keyword.operator.symbols.matlab</string></dict><key>2</key><dict><key>name</key><string>comment.line.continuation.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>comment</key><string>Line continuations</string><key>match</key><string>(\.\.\.)(.*)$</string><key>name</key><string>meta.linecontinuation.matlab</string></dict><key>string</key><dict><key>patterns</key><array><dict><key>captures</key><dict><key>1</key><dict><key>name</key><string>string.interpolated.matlab</string></dict><key>2</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>comment</key><string>Shell command</string><key>match</key><string>^\s*((!).*$\n?)</string></dict><dict><key>begin</key><string>((?&lt;=(\[|\(|\{|=|\s|;|:|,|~|&lt;|&gt;|&amp;|\||-|\+|\*|/|\\|\.|\^))|^)'</string><key>beginCaptures</key><dict><key>0</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>comment</key><string>Character vector literal (single-quoted)</string><key>end</key><string>'(?=(\[|\(|\{|\]|\)|\}|=|~|&lt;|&gt;|&amp;|\||-|\+|\*|/|\\|\.|\^|\s|;|:|,))</string><key>endCaptures</key><dict><key>0</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.definition.string.end.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>name</key><string>string.quoted.single.matlab</string><key>patterns</key><array><dict><key>match</key><string>''</string><key>name</key><string>constant.character.escape.matlab</string></dict><dict><key>match</key><string>'(?=.)</string><key>name</key><string>invalid.illegal.unescaped-quote.matlab</string></dict><dict><key>comment</key><string>Operator symbols</string><key>match</key><string>((\%([\+\-0]?\d{0,3}(\.\d{1,3})?)(c|d|e|E|f|g|G|s|((b|t)?(o|u|x|X))))|\%\%|\\(b|f|n|r|t|\\))</string><key>name</key><string>constant.character.escape.matlab</string></dict></array></dict><dict><key>begin</key><string>((?&lt;=(\[|\(|\{|=|\s|;|:|,|~|&lt;|&gt;|&amp;|\||-|\+|\*|/|\\|\.|\^))|^)"</string><key>beginCaptures</key><dict><key>0</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>comment</key><string>String literal (double-quoted)</string><key>end</key><string>"(?=(\[|\(|\{|\]|\)|\}|=|~|&lt;|&gt;|&amp;|\||-|\+|\*|/|\\|\.|\^|\||\s|;|:|,))</string><key>endCaptures</key><dict><key>0</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.definition.string.end.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>name</key><string>string.quoted.double.matlab</string><key>patterns</key><array><dict><key>match</key><string>""</string><key>name</key><string>constant.character.escape.matlab</string></dict><dict><key>match</key><string>"(?=.)</string><key>name</key><string>invalid.illegal.unescaped-quote.matlab</string></dict></array></dict></array></dict><key>transpose</key><dict><key>match</key><string>((\w+)|(?&lt;=\])|(?&lt;=\)))\.?'</string><key>name</key><string>keyword.operator.transpose.matlab</string></dict><key>constants</key><dict><key>comment</key><string>MATLAB Constants</string><key>match</key><string>(?&lt;!\.)\b(eps|false|Inf|inf|intmax|intmin|namelengthmax|NaN|nan|on|off|realmax|realmin|true|pi)\b</string><key>name</key><string>constant.language.matlab</string></dict><key>variables</key><dict><key>comment</key><string>MATLAB variables</string><key>match</key><string>(?&lt;!\.)\b(nargin|nargout|varargin|varargout)\b</string><key>name</key><string>variable.other.function.matlab</string></dict><key>end_in_parens</key><dict><key>comment</key><string>end as operator symbol</string><key>match</key><string>\bend\b</string><key>name</key><string>keyword.operator.symbols.matlab</string></dict><key>numbers</key><dict><key>comment</key><string>Valid numbers: 1, .1, 1.1, .1e1, 1.1e1, 1e1, 1i, 1j, 1e2j</string><key>match</key><string>(?&lt;=[\s\-\+\*\/\\=:\[\(\{,]|^)\d*\.?\d+([eE][+-]?\d)?([0-9&amp;&amp;[^\.]])*(i|j)?\b</string><key>name</key><string>constant.numeric.matlab</string></dict><key>operators</key><dict><key>comment</key><string>Operator symbols</string><key>match</key><string>(?&lt;=\s)(==|~=|&gt;|&gt;=|&lt;|&lt;=|&amp;|&amp;&amp;|:|\||\|\||\+|-|\*|\.\*|/|\./|\\|\.\\|\^|\.\^)(?=\s)</string><key>name</key><string>keyword.operator.symbols.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>scopeName</key><string>source.matlab</string><key>uuid</key><string>48F8858B-72FF-11D9-BFEE-000D93589AF6</string></dict></plist>

我在哪里可以找到Matlab的正式语法？

5 个答案: