计算在河内塔的功能调用?

时间:2012-02-16 23:32:58

标签: c++ recursion towers-of-hanoi

所以我想计算调用函数moveSingleDisk()的时间,但我似乎无法弄清楚...使用此代码:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void moveTower(int n, char start, char finish, char temp, int count);
void moveSingleDisk(char moveFrom, char moveTo, int count);
void calcHanoi(int n);

int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    calcHanoi(5);
    return 0;
}

void calcHanoi(int n)
{
    int count = 0;
    moveTower(n, 'A', 'B', 'C', count);
}

void moveTower(int n, char start, char finish, char temp, int count)
{
    if (n == 1) 
    {
        count++;
        moveSingleDisk(start, finish, count);
        return;
    }
    moveTower(n-1, start, temp, finish, count);
    count++;
    moveSingleDisk(start, finish, count);
    moveTower(n-1, temp, finish, start, count);
}

void moveSingleDisk(char moveFrom, char moveTo, int count)
{
    cout << count << ": " << moveFrom << " -> " << moveTo << endl;
}

我得到以下输出:

1: A -> B
1: A -> C
2: B -> C
1: A -> B
2: C -> A
2: C -> B
3: A -> B
1: A -> C
2: B -> C
2: B -> A
3: C -> A
2: B -> C
3: A -> B
3: A -> C
4: B -> C
1: A -> B
2: C -> A
2: C -> B
3: A -> B
2: C -> A
3: B -> C
3: B -> A
4: C -> A
2: C -> B
3: A -> B
3: A -> C
4: B -> C
3: A -> B
4: C -> A
4: C -> B
5: A -> B

我试图追踪这个问题,但是递归使得跟踪这类事情非常困难(至少对我来说)。

非常感谢任何帮助或解释!谢谢:))

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

如果您只需要调用moveSingleDisk,请在moveSingleDisk

中进行调整
static int count = 0;
count++;

看一下这个例子,你不需要传递计数器参数

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int f(){
  static int i = 0;
  cout << i++;
  return i < 5 ? f() : 5;
}

int main(){
  f();
  return 0;
}

答案 1 :(得分:2)

您按值传递count,因此对moveTower的递归调用不会修改它的本地副本。通过引用传递:

void moveTower(int n, char start, char finish, char temp, int & count)
                                                              ^

moveSingleDisk内增加计数器可能会稍微简洁,而不是在每次调用之前,所以你可以确定不会错过任何调用。在这种情况下,您还需要通过引用传递。

答案 2 :(得分:1)

使用递归数据/算法,一种功能方法可以简化代码:从递归函数返回计数,“聚合”嵌套级别。但是这样你就会失去“步数”的显示。

int moveTower(int n, char start, char finish, char temp);
int moveSingleDisk(char moveFrom, char moveTo);
void calcHanoi(int n);

int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    calcHanoi(5);
    return 0;
}

void calcHanoi(int n)
{
    int count = moveTower(n, 'A', 'B', 'C');
}

int moveTower(int n, char start, char finish, char temp)
{
    if (n == 1) 
        return moveSingleDisk(start, finish);
    return
        moveTower(n-1, start, temp, finish) +
        moveSingleDisk(start, finish) +
        moveTower(n-1, temp, finish, start);
}

int moveSingleDisk(char moveFrom, char moveTo)
{
    cout << moveFrom << " -> " << moveTo << endl;
    return 1;
}