lua是否内置了“事件处理程序”,或者它是否有可用的lib?
这就是一个例子,当“a = 100”事件发生时。
别的而不是使用:
while true do
if a == 100 then
[...]
break;
end
end
或者只是为它添加一个睡眠。 “虽然真的做”只是一个例子,但它是一个可怕的。
答案 0 :(得分:16)
Lua在单线程中运行,因此任何检查都必须由您的代码明确执行。
变量变化后立即执行代码的行为称为“观看”。
如果您在每个 frame (例如游戏)运行一组代码的环境中进行编程,则可以手动检查。 例如:
WatchedVariables = {
a = 5,
b = 22,
}
WatchedVariables_cache = {}
for k,v in pairs(WatchedVariables) do
WatchedVariables_cache[k] = v
end
function OnFrame()
print("NEXT FRAME! (possibly 1 second later or something)")
for k,v in pairs(WatchedVariables) do
local v_old = WatchedVariables_cache[k]
if v ~= v_old then
-- this is the "callback"
print(tostring(k).." changed from "..tostring(v_old).." to "..tostring(v))
WatchedVariables_cache[k] = v
end
end
end
function SomeFunctionThatOperatesSomeTime()
print("about to change a, brother!")
WatchedVariables.a = -7
print("a is changed")
end
在下一帧时,将执行回调代码(打印)。
这种方法的缺点是在WatchedVariables.a
设置为-7
后,回调代码不会立即打印,即:输出将为:
about to change a, brother!
a is changed
NEXT FRAME! (possibly 1 second later or something)
a changed from 5 to -7
为了防止这种可能不受欢迎的行为,可以使用 setter 函数,例如:
MyObject = {
_private_a = 5,
set_a = function(self, new_value_of_a)
self._private_a = 5
-- callback code
print("a set to "..tostring(new_value_of_a))
end,
get_a = function(self)
return self._private_a
end
}
function SomeFunctionThatOperatesSomeTime()
print("about to change a, brother!")
MyObject:set_a(-7)
print("a is changed")
end
此代码的输出显示回调立即运行:
about to change a, brother!
a set to -7
a is changed
为了让这更舒服,Lua提供了 metatables ,使这种行为对程序员来说是透明的。 例如:
MyObject = {
__privates = {
a = 5,
}
}
MyObject_meta = {
__index = function(self, k)
return rawget(self, "__privates")[k]
end,
__newindex = function(self, k, v)
rawget(self, "__privates")[k] = v
-- callback code
print("a set to "..tostring(v))
end,
}
setmetatable(MyObject, MyObject_meta)
function SomeFunctionThatOperatesSomeTime()
print("about to change a, brother!")
MyObject.a = -7
print("a is changed")
end
此代码的输出与前一个示例相同:
about to change a, brother!
a set to -7
a is changed
以下是您的示例案例的实现:
MyObject = {
__privates = {
a = 5,
}
__private_callback = function(self, k, ov, v)
if k == "a" and v == "100" then
print("a is 100!")
end
end
}
MyObject_meta = {
__index = function(self, k)
return rawget(self, "__privates")[k]
end,
__newindex = function(self, k, v)
local privates = rawget(self, "__privates")
local ov = privates[k]
privates[k] = v
rawget(self, "__private_callback")(self, k, ov, v)
end,
}
setmetatable(MyObject, MyObject_meta)
function SomeFunctionThatOperatesSomeTime()
MyObject.a = -7 -- prints nothing
MyObject.a = 100 -- prints "a is 100!"
MyObject.a = 22 -- prints nothing
end
为什么变量__privates
和__private_callback
以两个下划线为前缀?在具有两个下划线的典型编程情况下,不应该访问私有成员的约定。如果您熟悉面向对象的方法及其在Java和C ++等语言中的实现,您将了解它与private
和protected
关键字的相似之处。
如果您熟悉C#语言,您可能会看到set_a
/ get_a
和metatable实现与访问者(set
/ get
)的相似之处。< / p>