我觉得我想做的事情非常简单。但出于某种原因，它不想工作：
这是一个完整的代码片段，用于测试我要做的事情：
using System;
using System.Xml;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Security.Cryptography.Xml;
namespace XmlCryptographySendingTest
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string fullKeyContainer = "fullKeyContainer";
string publicKeyContainer = "publicKeyContainer";
//create the two providers
RSACryptoServiceProvider serverRSA = GetKeyFromContainer(fullKeyContainer);
//save public and full key pairs
SaveKeyToContainer(fullKeyContainer, serverRSA.ExportParameters(true));
SaveKeyToContainer(publicKeyContainer, serverRSA.ExportParameters(false));
//get rid of them from memory
serverRSA.Clear();
serverRSA = null;
GC.Collect();
//retrieve a full server set and a private client set
serverRSA = GetKeyFromContainer(fullKeyContainer);
RSACryptoServiceProvider clientRSA = GetKeyFromContainer(publicKeyContainer);
//at this point the public key should be the same for both RSA providers
string clientPublicKey = clientRSA.ToXmlString(false);
string serverPublicKey = serverRSA.ToXmlString(false);
if (clientPublicKey.Equals(serverPublicKey))
{//they have the same public key.
// Create an XmlDocument object.
XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
// Load an XML file into the XmlDocument object.
try
{
xmlDoc.PreserveWhitespace = true;
xmlDoc.Load("test.xml");
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
//we can encypt with the clientRSA using the public key
Encrypt(xmlDoc, "Fields", "DataFields", clientRSA, "test");
Console.WriteLine("Encrypted: \r\n" + xmlDoc.OuterXml);
//and should be able to decrypt with the serverRSA using the private key
Decrypt(xmlDoc, serverRSA, "test");
Console.WriteLine("Decrypted : \r\n" + xmlDoc.OuterXml);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("The two RSA have different public keys...");
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
private static CspParameters GetCspParameters(string containerName)
{
// Create the CspParameters object and set the key container
// name used to store the RSA key pair.
CspParameters tmpParameters = new CspParameters();
tmpParameters.Flags = CspProviderFlags.UseMachineKeyStore; //use the machine key store--this allows us to use the machine level container when applications run without a logged-in user
tmpParameters.ProviderType = 1;
tmpParameters.KeyNumber = (int)KeyNumber.Exchange;
tmpParameters.KeyContainerName = containerName;
return tmpParameters;
}
public static void SaveKeyToContainer(string containerName, RSAParameters rsaParameters)
{
CspParameters tmpParameters = GetCspParameters(containerName);
// Create a new instance of RSACryptoServiceProvider that accesses
// the key container
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(tmpParameters);
//set the key information from the text
rsa.ImportParameters(rsaParameters);
}
public static RSACryptoServiceProvider GetKeyFromContainer(string containerName)
{
// Create the CspParameters object and set the key container
// name used to store the RSA key pair.
CspParameters tmpParameters = GetCspParameters(containerName);
// Create a new instance of RSACryptoServiceProvider that accesses
// the key container.
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(tmpParameters);
return rsa;
}
public static void DeleteKeyFromContainer(string containerName)
{
// Create the CspParameters object and set the key container
// name used to store the RSA key pair.
CspParameters tmpParameters = GetCspParameters(containerName);
// Create a new instance of RSACryptoServiceProvider that accesses
// the key container.
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(tmpParameters);
// Delete the key entry in the container.
rsa.PersistKeyInCsp = false;
// Call Clear to release resources and delete the key from the container.
rsa.Clear();
}
public static void Encrypt(XmlDocument Doc, string ElementToEncrypt, string EncryptionElementID, RSA Alg, string KeyName)
{
// Check the arguments.
if (Doc == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("Doc");
if (ElementToEncrypt == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("ElementToEncrypt");
if (EncryptionElementID == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("EncryptionElementID");
if (Alg == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("Alg");
if (KeyName == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("KeyName");
////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Find the specified element in the XmlDocument
// object and create a new XmlElemnt object.
////////////////////////////////////////////////
XmlElement elementToEncrypt = Doc.GetElementsByTagName(ElementToEncrypt)[0] as XmlElement;
// Throw an XmlException if the element was not found.
if (elementToEncrypt == null)
{
throw new XmlException("The specified element was not found");
}
RijndaelManaged sessionKey = null;
try
{
//////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Create a new instance of the EncryptedXml class
// and use it to encrypt the XmlElement with the
// a new random symmetric key.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Create a 256 bit Rijndael key.
sessionKey = new RijndaelManaged();
sessionKey.KeySize = 256;
EncryptedXml eXml = new EncryptedXml();
byte[] encryptedElement = eXml.EncryptData(elementToEncrypt, sessionKey, false);
////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Construct an EncryptedData object and populate
// it with the desired encryption information.
////////////////////////////////////////////////
EncryptedData edElement = new EncryptedData();
edElement.Type = EncryptedXml.XmlEncElementUrl;
edElement.Id = EncryptionElementID;
// Create an EncryptionMethod element so that the
// receiver knows which algorithm to use for decryption.
edElement.EncryptionMethod = new EncryptionMethod(EncryptedXml.XmlEncAES256Url);
// Encrypt the session key and add it to an EncryptedKey element.
EncryptedKey ek = new EncryptedKey();
byte[] encryptedKey = EncryptedXml.EncryptKey(sessionKey.Key, Alg, false);
ek.CipherData = new CipherData(encryptedKey);
ek.EncryptionMethod = new EncryptionMethod(EncryptedXml.XmlEncRSA15Url);
// Create a new DataReference element
// for the KeyInfo element. This optional
// element specifies which EncryptedData
// uses this key. An XML document can have
// multiple EncryptedData elements that use
// different keys.
DataReference dRef = new DataReference();
// Specify the EncryptedData URI.
dRef.Uri = "#" + EncryptionElementID;
// Add the DataReference to the EncryptedKey.
ek.AddReference(dRef);
// Add the encrypted key to the
// EncryptedData object.
edElement.KeyInfo.AddClause(new KeyInfoEncryptedKey(ek));
// Set the KeyInfo element to specify the
// name of the RSA key.
// Create a new KeyInfoName element.
KeyInfoName kin = new KeyInfoName();
// Specify a name for the key.
kin.Value = KeyName;
// Add the KeyInfoName element to the
// EncryptedKey object.
ek.KeyInfo.AddClause(kin);
// Add the encrypted element data to the
// EncryptedData object.
edElement.CipherData.CipherValue = encryptedElement;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Replace the element from the original XmlDocument
// object with the EncryptedData element.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
EncryptedXml.ReplaceElement(elementToEncrypt, edElement, false);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
// re-throw the exception.
throw e;
}
finally
{
if (sessionKey != null)
{
sessionKey.Clear();
}
}
}
public static void Decrypt(XmlDocument Doc, RSA Alg, string KeyName)
{
// Check the arguments.
if (Doc == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("Doc");
if (Alg == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("Alg");
if (KeyName == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("KeyName");
// Create a new EncryptedXml object.
EncryptedXml exml = new EncryptedXml(Doc);
// Add a key-name mapping.
// This method can only decrypt documents
// that present the specified key name.
exml.AddKeyNameMapping(KeyName, Alg);
// Decrypt the element.
exml.DecryptDocument();
}
}
}
只要我使用私钥和公钥保存/获取RSACryptoServiceProvider，这似乎工作正常。一旦我用公共密钥保存RSACryptoServiceProvider，下次我尝试检索它时，我得到的是一个新的和不同的RSACryptoServiceProvider！
你可以想象，你不能用一组密钥加密某些东西，然后尝试用一整套新的密码来解密！
有关为何发生这种情况的任何想法？或者存储公共密钥的正确方法是什么？
答案 0 :(得分：3)
我现在几乎可以肯定密钥容器不能用于存储公钥。它们的主要目的似乎是存储密钥对。密钥容器仅存储最初生成的密钥，导入PublicOnly密钥仅影响实例而不影响存储。
.NET开发人员指南中的“如何：在密钥容器中存储非对称密钥”页面指出
如果您需要存储私钥，则应使用密钥容器
...这与我通过MSDN找到的声明非常清楚。
我使用的替代机制是将密钥存储在XML文件中（因为它是公共密钥，如果它很容易可见，它应该无关紧要），并使用文件系统访问规则设置权限以防止不必要的修改。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
我的理解是，您对 SaveKeyToContainer 中的 ImportParameters 的调用不会影响商店中的密钥。您的 SaveKeyToContainer 的实现是使用存储中的密钥初始化 RSACryptoServiceProvider 的实例（当容器不存在时生成新的密钥对），然后导入参数，影响实例，而不影响商店。
稍后检索 publicKeyContainer 时，会获得在您尝试保存它时生成的新密钥对，而不是导入的公共片段。
抱歉，我无法提供有关使用Cryptography API将密钥导入商店的任何详细信息。我相信商店只支持密钥对，即不希望只能导入公钥。
答案 2 :(得分：0)
.NET加密类的文档很差。
我已经用同样的问题击败了我的大脑并得出了相同的结论，即使文档中没有明确说明。
当您创建RSA提供程序的实例时，您将获得一个新的密钥对。 如果您提供参数对象并命名密钥容器，则新密钥对将存储在那里。
如果您导入公钥，则不会保持持久！
丹