列表属性上的SQLAlchemy过滤器

时间:2019-09-24 12:48:31

标签: python sqlalchemy flask-sqlalchemy

我用Flask-SQLAlchemy定义了以下模型:

"""models.py"""

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

db = SQLAlchemy()

skill_candidate = db.Table(
    'SkillCandidate',
    db.Column('skill_id', db.String, db.ForeignKey('skill.id')),
    db.Column('candidate_id', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('candidate.id')))

class Candidate(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    skills = db.relationship("Skill", secondary=skill_candidate)

class Skill(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.String, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String, nullable=False, unique=True)

要达到的目标如下: 我想返回所有具有列表输入(甚至理想情况下,skill_id列表)中提供的技能的候选人。

我尝试了以下方法:

def get_skilled_candidates(skill_ids):
    return Candidate.query.join(skill_candidate).\
       filter(and_(*[skill_candidate.c.skill_id == skill_id for skill_id in skill_ids])).\
            all()

目的是过滤所有技能的所有候选人,并用and_语句组成

如果我使用一个由1个项目组成的列表(返回具有该技能的所有候选者),则效果很好,但是如果我在输入列表中添加了更多技能(即使我在基础中有符合条件的候选者),也不能奏效< / p>

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

您可以使用列表中的任何技能查询所有应聘者,然后使用列表理解来过滤结果。这可能不如@IljaEverilä所提到的关系划分方法那样有效,但是它无疑简化了查询方面。

skill_ids = ['id_1', 'id_2']
candidates = session.query(Candidate).\
    filter(Candidate.skills.any(Skill.id.in_(skill_ids)).\
    all()

candidates = [
    c for c in candidates
    if set(s.id for s in c.skills).issuperset(skill_ids)
]

答案 1 :(得分:3)

如评论中所述,您需要执行FORALL操作(universal quantifier)或relational division

FORALL x ( p(x) )

可以表示为

NOT ( EXISTS x ( NOT ( p(x) ) ) )

,如果您不了解FORALL及其关系,则有点笨拙且难以推理。给定您的模型,它看起来像:

def get_skilled_candidates(skill_ids):
    # Form a temporary derived table using unions
    skills = db.union_all(*[
        db.select([db.literal(sid).label('skill_id')])
        for sid in skill_ids]).alias()

    return Candidate.query.\
        filter(
            ~db.exists().select_from(skills).where(
                ~db.exists().
                    where(db.and_(skill_candidate.c.skill_id == skills.c.skill_id,
                                  skill_candidate.c.candidate_id == Candidate.id)).
                    correlate_except(skill_candidate))).\
        all()

当然,还有其他表达相同查询的方法,例如:

def get_skilled_candidates(skill_ids):
    return Candidate.query.\
        join(skill_candidate).\
        filter(skill_candidate.c.skill_id.in_(skill_ids)).\
        group_by(Candidate.id).\
        having(db.func.count(skill_candidate.c.skill_id.distinct()) ==
               len(set(skill_ids))).\
        all()

它实际上是通过计数检查所有技能ID是否匹配的。

如果使用Postgresql,您也可以这样做:

from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import array_agg

def get_skilled_candidates(skill_ids):
    # The double filtering may seem redundant, but the WHERE ... IN allows
    # the query to use indexes, while the HAVING ... @> does the final filtering.
    return Candidate.query.\
        join(skill_candidate).\
        filter(skill_candidate.c.skill_id.in_(skill_ids)).\
        group_by(Candidate.id).\
        having(array_agg(skill_candidate.c.skill_id).contains(skill_ids)).\
        all()

这与其他答案中的部分Python解决方案等效。

此外,可以使用聚合EVERY

def get_skilled_candidates(skill_ids):
    # Form a temporary derived table using unions
    skills = db.union_all(*[
        db.select([db.literal(sid).label('skill_id')])
        for sid in skill_ids]).alias()

    # Perform a CROSS JOIN between candidate and skills
    return Candidate.query.\
        join(skills, db.true()).\
        group_by(Candidate.id).\
        having(db.func.every(
            db.exists().
                where(db.and_(skill_candidate.c.skill_id == skills.c.skill_id,
                              skill_candidate.c.candidate_id == Candidate.id)).
                correlate_except(skill_candidate))).\
        all()