我在这里关注指南：
http://www.sqlalchemy.org/docs/orm/examples.html?highlight=versioning#versioned-objects
并遇到了一个问题。我已经定义了我的关系：
generic_ticker = relation('MyClass', backref=backref("stuffs"))
使用字符串，因此它不关心我的模型模块的导入顺序。这一切都正常，但是当我使用版本控制元时，我得到以下错误：
sqlalchemy.exc.InvalidRequestError：初始化mapper Mapper | MyClass | stuffs时，表达式“Trader”找不到名称（“name'MyClass'未定义”）。如果这是一个类名，请考虑在定义了两个依赖类之后将此关系（）添加到类中。
我将错误追踪到：
File "/home/nick/workspace/gm3/gm3/lib/history_meta.py", line 90, in __init__
mapper = class_mapper(cls)
File "/home/nick/venv/tg2env/lib/python2.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/util.py", line 622, in class_mapper
mapper = mapper.compile()
class VersionedMeta(DeclarativeMeta):
def __init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_):
DeclarativeMeta.__init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_)
try:
mapper = class_mapper(cls)
_history_mapper(mapper)
except UnmappedClassError:
pass
我通过将try：除了lambda中的东西并在所有导入发生之后运行它们来解决问题。这有效，但似乎有点垃圾，任何解决这个问题的想法是更好的方法吗？
谢谢！
更新
实际上问题不在于导入订单。版本控制示例的设计使得映射器需要在每个版本化类的costructor中进行编译。当相关类尚未定义时，编译失败。在循环关系的情况下，无法通过更改映射类的定义顺序使其工作。
更新2
正如上面的更新所述（我不知道你可以在这里编辑其他人的帖子:)）这可能是由于循环引用。在这种情况下，有人可能会发现我的黑客很有用（我正在使用turbogears）（替换VersionedMeta并在history_meta中添加create_mappers global）
create_mappers = []
class VersionedMeta(DeclarativeMeta):
def __init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_):
DeclarativeMeta.__init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_)
#I added this code in as it was crashing otherwise
def make_mapper():
try:
mapper = class_mapper(cls)
_history_mapper(mapper)
except UnmappedClassError:
pass
create_mappers.append(lambda: make_mapper())
然后你可以在模型__init __。py
中执行以下操作# Import your model modules here.
from myproj.lib.history_meta import create_mappers
from myproj.model.misc import *
from myproj.model.actor import *
from myproj.model.stuff1 import *
from myproj.model.instrument import *
from myproj.model.stuff import *
#setup the history
[func() for func in create_mappers]
这样它只有在定义了所有类之后才创建映射器。
更新3 稍微不相关但在某些情况下我遇到了重复的主键错误（一次性对同一个对象提交2次更改）。我的解决方法是添加一个新的主要自动递增键。当然，使用mysql不能超过1，所以我必须使用用于创建历史表的现有内容来取消主键。查看我的整体代码（包括hist_id并删除外键约束）：
"""Stolen from the offical sqlalchemy recpies
"""
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import DeclarativeMeta
from sqlalchemy.orm import mapper, class_mapper, attributes, object_mapper
from sqlalchemy.orm.exc import UnmappedClassError, UnmappedColumnError
from sqlalchemy import Table, Column, ForeignKeyConstraint, Integer
from sqlalchemy.orm.interfaces import SessionExtension
from sqlalchemy.orm.properties import RelationshipProperty
from sqlalchemy.types import DateTime
import datetime
from sqlalchemy.orm.session import Session
def col_references_table(col, table):
for fk in col.foreign_keys:
if fk.references(table):
return True
return False
def _history_mapper(local_mapper):
cls = local_mapper.class_
# set the "active_history" flag
# on on column-mapped attributes so that the old version
# of the info is always loaded (currently sets it on all attributes)
for prop in local_mapper.iterate_properties:
getattr(local_mapper.class_, prop.key).impl.active_history = True
super_mapper = local_mapper.inherits
super_history_mapper = getattr(cls, '__history_mapper__', None)
polymorphic_on = None
super_fks = []
if not super_mapper or local_mapper.local_table is not super_mapper.local_table:
cols = []
for column in local_mapper.local_table.c:
if column.name == 'version':
continue
col = column.copy()
col.unique = False
#don't auto increment stuff from the normal db
if col.autoincrement:
col.autoincrement = False
#sqllite falls over with auto incrementing keys if we have a composite key
if col.primary_key:
col.primary_key = False
if super_mapper and col_references_table(column, super_mapper.local_table):
super_fks.append((col.key, list(super_history_mapper.base_mapper.local_table.primary_key)[0]))
cols.append(col)
if column is local_mapper.polymorphic_on:
polymorphic_on = col
#if super_mapper:
# super_fks.append(('version', super_history_mapper.base_mapper.local_table.c.version))
cols.append(Column('hist_id', Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True))
cols.append(Column('version', Integer))
cols.append(Column('changed', DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.now))
if super_fks:
cols.append(ForeignKeyConstraint(*zip(*super_fks)))
table = Table(local_mapper.local_table.name + '_history', local_mapper.local_table.metadata,
*cols, mysql_engine='InnoDB')
else:
# single table inheritance. take any additional columns that may have
# been added and add them to the history table.
for column in local_mapper.local_table.c:
if column.key not in super_history_mapper.local_table.c:
col = column.copy()
super_history_mapper.local_table.append_column(col)
table = None
if super_history_mapper:
bases = (super_history_mapper.class_,)
else:
bases = local_mapper.base_mapper.class_.__bases__
versioned_cls = type.__new__(type, "%sHistory" % cls.__name__, bases, {})
m = mapper(
versioned_cls,
table,
inherits=super_history_mapper,
polymorphic_on=polymorphic_on,
polymorphic_identity=local_mapper.polymorphic_identity
)
cls.__history_mapper__ = m
if not super_history_mapper:
cls.version = Column('version', Integer, default=1, nullable=False)
create_mappers = []
class VersionedMeta(DeclarativeMeta):
def __init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_):
DeclarativeMeta.__init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_)
#I added this code in as it was crashing otherwise
def make_mapper():
try:
mapper = class_mapper(cls)
_history_mapper(mapper)
except UnmappedClassError:
pass
create_mappers.append(lambda: make_mapper())
def versioned_objects(iter):
for obj in iter:
if hasattr(obj, '__history_mapper__'):
yield obj
def create_version(obj, session, deleted = False):
obj_mapper = object_mapper(obj)
history_mapper = obj.__history_mapper__
history_cls = history_mapper.class_
obj_state = attributes.instance_state(obj)
attr = {}
obj_changed = False
for om, hm in zip(obj_mapper.iterate_to_root(), history_mapper.iterate_to_root()):
if hm.single:
continue
for hist_col in hm.local_table.c:
if hist_col.key == 'version' or hist_col.key == 'changed' or hist_col.key == 'hist_id':
continue
obj_col = om.local_table.c[hist_col.key]
# get the value of the
# attribute based on the MapperProperty related to the
# mapped column. this will allow usage of MapperProperties
# that have a different keyname than that of the mapped column.
try:
prop = obj_mapper.get_property_by_column(obj_col)
except UnmappedColumnError:
# in the case of single table inheritance, there may be
# columns on the mapped table intended for the subclass only.
# the "unmapped" status of the subclass column on the
# base class is a feature of the declarative module as of sqla 0.5.2.
continue
# expired object attributes and also deferred cols might not be in the
# dict. force it to load no matter what by using getattr().
if prop.key not in obj_state.dict:
getattr(obj, prop.key)
a, u, d = attributes.get_history(obj, prop.key)
if d:
attr[hist_col.key] = d[0]
obj_changed = True
elif u:
attr[hist_col.key] = u[0]
else:
# if the attribute had no value.
attr[hist_col.key] = a[0]
obj_changed = True
if not obj_changed:
# not changed, but we have relationships. OK
# check those too
for prop in obj_mapper.iterate_properties:
if isinstance(prop, RelationshipProperty) and \
attributes.get_history(obj, prop.key).has_changes():
obj_changed = True
break
if not obj_changed and not deleted:
return
attr['version'] = obj.version
hist = history_cls()
for key, value in attr.iteritems():
setattr(hist, key, value)
obj.version += 1
session.add(hist)
class VersionedListener(SessionExtension):
def before_flush(self, session, flush_context, instances):
for obj in versioned_objects(session.dirty):
create_version(obj, session)
for obj in versioned_objects(session.deleted):
create_version(obj, session, deleted = True)
答案 0 :(得分：2)
我通过将try：除了lambda中的东西来解决问题 在所有导入发生之后运行它们。
大！