我一直在研究自定义Vector类。在Microsoft编译器上一切都运行得很好,但是当我在Borland上尝试它时,我得到了一个非常奇怪的错误。
Borland在插入函数内抛出异常; 正好在调用复制构造函数“Vector temp(* this);”时在
“array_ = new int [rhs.size_];”线
void Vector::insert(int value, unsigned position) throw(SubscriptError)
{
check_bounds(position);
Vector temp(*this);
int tmpSize= size_;
temp.size_++;
size_++;
for (unsigned int i=tmpSize; i > position; i--)
{
temp[i] = temp[i-1];
}
temp[position] = value;
//array_= temp.array_;
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < size_; i++)
{
array_[i]= temp.array_[i];
}
}
这是我的复制构造函数;
Vector::Vector(const Vector& rhs)
{
array_ = new int[rhs.size_];
size_ = rhs.size_;
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < rhs.size_; i++)
{
array_[i] = rhs.array_[i];
}
}
最后这是main();
std::cout << "push_back 5 integers:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
a.push_back(i);
Print(a);
}
std::cout << "insert(99, 3):\n";
a.insert(99, 3);
Print(a);
std::cout << "insert(98, 0):\n";
a.insert(98, 0);
Print(a);
std::cout << "insert(97, 6):\n";
a.insert(97, 6);
Print(a);
奇怪的是第一次插入调用(a.insert(99,3))工作正常,它在第二次调用时崩溃(a.insert(98,0))
这是完整的头文件
namespace CS170
{
class SubscriptError
{
public:
SubscriptError(int Subscript) : subscript_(Subscript) {};
int GetSubscript(void) const { return subscript_; }
private:
int subscript_;
};
class Vector
{
public:
static const int NO_INDEX = -1;
struct SortResult
{
unsigned compares;
unsigned swaps;
};
// Default constructor
Vector(void);
// Destructor
~Vector();
// Copy constructor
Vector(const Vector& rhs);
// Constructor to create a Vector from an array
Vector(const int array[], unsigned size);
// Adds a node to the front of the list
void push_back(int value);
// Adds a node to the end of the list
void push_front(int value);
// Removes the last element. Does nothing if empty.
void pop_back(void);
// Removes the first element. Does nothing if empty.
void pop_front(void);
// Inserts a new node at the specified position. Causes an
// abort() if the position is invalid. (Calls check_bounds)
void insert(int value, unsigned position) throw(SubscriptError);
// Removes an element with the specified value (first occurrence)
void remove(int value);
// Deletes the underlying array and sets size_ to 0
void clear(void);
// Return true if the vector is empty, otherwise, false
bool empty(void) const;
// Assignment operator
Vector& operator=(const Vector& rhs);
// Concatenates a vector onto the end of this vector.
Vector& operator+=(const Vector& rhs);
// Concatenates two Vectors.
Vector operator+(const Vector& rhs) const;
// Subscript operators.
int operator[](unsigned index) const throw(SubscriptError);
int& operator[](unsigned index) throw(SubscriptError);
// Returns the number of elements in the vector.
unsigned size(void) const;
// Returns the size of the underlying array
unsigned capacity(void) const;
// The number of memory allocations that have occurred
unsigned allocations(void) const;
// This searches the vector using a binary search instead
// of a linear search. The data must be sorted. Returns
// the index. If not found, returns CS170::Vector::NO_INDEX.
// DO NOT SORT THE DATA IN THIS FUNCTION!!
int bsearch(int value) const;
// Sorts the elements using a selection sort.
// Returns the number of swaps/comparisons that occurred.
SortResult selection_sort(void);
// Sorts the elements using a bubble_sort.
// Returns the number of swaps/comparisons that occurred.
SortResult bubble_sort(void);
void swap(int &a, int& b);
void swapv(Vector &other);
void reverse(void);
bool operator==(const Vector& rhs) const;
void shrink_to_fit(void);
private:
int *array_; // The dynamically allocated array
unsigned size_; // The number of elements in the array
unsigned capacity_; // The allocated size of the array
unsigned allocs_; // Number of allocations (resizes)
// Private methods...
void check_bounds(unsigned index) const throw(SubscriptError);
void grow(void);
// Other private methods...
};
}// namespace CS170
#endif // VECTOR_H
答案 0 :(得分:2)
在我看来,第一次打电话给insert()
时会造成伤害。插入元素时,还必须为成员array_
增加分配的字节数。您只是增加了size_
,但是增加实际array_
的大小呢?
例如,insert()
int size = 5;
int *p = new int[size];
// ... populate p[i] (i = 0 to i = size - 1)
size ++;
p[size - 1] = VALUE; // oops ... incremented 'size' but before that reallocate to 'p'
调用后,首先插入堆栈已经损坏。所以第二次它崩溃了。只需根据相应的代码更改进行验证。
旁注,
insert()
,更加优化。我觉得不需要复制临时的完整Vector<>
。array_
分配比实际需要更多的字节数。因此,您不必多次重新分配vector
的源代码,以提高效率。答案 1 :(得分:2)
您array_
内insert()
的{{1}}不会(明显)调整大小。这意味着您将始终在其分配的内存的末尾写入一个元素。
复制整个阵列(两次)会导致非常昂贵的插入。您在std::vector
中无法实现的目标是什么?
答案 2 :(得分:0)
在插入函数中,您不为新插入的项目分配内存,并且在第一次插入后,复制ctr尝试读取它正在抛出异常的行上的未分配内存。解决方案是最初分配更多内存(这就是为什么容量用于典型的矢量实现)或增加每个插入上分配的数组。您必须在两个解决方案上实现重新分配,但在第一个解决方案中,它将不常被调用。