我编写了执行算术和逻辑运算的代码。但是，当我进行编译时，报告显示我有很多语法错误。我是VHDL的初学者，我真的不知道如何纠正这些错误，你能给我一些建议吗？
1 library ieee;
2 use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
3 use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
4 use ieee.numeric_std.all;
5
6 package arith_operations is
7 constant size: integer :=8;
8 constant select_bits: integer :=3;
9 procedure add( x,y: in bit_vector(size-1 downto 0);
10 sum: out bit_vector(size-1 downto 0); c_out: out bit );
11 procedure sub( x,y: in bit_vector(size-1 downto 0);
12 d: out bit_vector(size-1 downto 0); c_out: out bit );
13 function inc(x: in bit_vector) return bit_vector;
14 function dec(x: in bit_vector) return bit_vector;
15 end arith_operations;
16
17 package body arith_operations is
18 procedure add( x,y: in bit_vector(size-1 downto 0); sum: out bit_vector(size-1 downto 0);
19 c_out: out bit);
20 variable s: bit_vector(size downto 0);
21 begin
22 s:= "0" & x + "0" & y;
23 sum:= s(size-1 downto 0);
24 c_out:= s(size);
25 end add;
26 procedure sub( x,y: in bit_vector(size-1 downto 0);sum: out bit_vector(size-1 downto 0;
27 c_out: out bit);
28 variable s: bit_vector(size downto 0);
29 begin
30 s:= "0" x + not("0"& y) + ((size-1 downto 0)=>"0") & "1";
31 d:= s(size-1 downto 0);
32 c_out:= s(size);
33 end sub;
34 function inc(x: in bit_vector(size-1 downto 0)) return bit_vector is
35 variable x1: bit_vector(size-1 downto 0);
36 begin
37 x1:= x + ((size-2 downto 0)=>"0") & "1";
38 return x1;
39 end inc;
40
41 function dec(x: in bit_vector(size-1 downto 0)) return bit_vector is
42 variable x1: bit_vector(size-1 downto 0);
43 begin
44 x1:= x + ((size-1 downto 0)=> "1");
45 return x1;
46 end dec;
47 end arith_operations;
48
49 use work.arith_operations.all;
50
51 entity alu is
52 generic(delay :time);
53 port( x,y: in bit_vector(size-1 downto 0);
54 function_select: in bit_vector(size-1 downto 0);
55 f: out bit_vector(size-1 downto 0);
56 end alu;
57
58 architecture behave of alu is:
59 begin
60 p0: process(x,y,function_select)
61 variable f_out: bit_vector(size-1 downto 0);
62 begin
63 case function_select is
64 when "000" => add (x, y, f_out); f<= f_out after delay;
65 when "001" => sub(x, y, f_out); f<= f_out after delay;
66 when "010" => f <= inc(x) after delay;
67 when "010" => f <= dec(x) after delay;
68 when "100" => x or y after delay;
69 when "101" => not x after delay;
70 when "110" => x and y after delay;
71 when "111" => x xor y after delay;
72 end case function_select;
73 end process p0;
74 end architecture behave;
这也是错误：
Error (10500): VHDL syntax error at Alu.vhd(21) near text "begin"; expecting "end", or a declaration statement
Error (10396): VHDL syntax error at Alu.vhd(25): name used in construct must match previously specified name "arith_operations"
Error (10500): VHDL syntax error at Alu.vhd(26) near text "procedure"; expecting "entity", or "architecture", or "use", or "library", or "package", or "configuration"
Error (10500): VHDL syntax error at Alu.vhd(56) near text "end"; expecting an identifier ("end" is a reserved keyword), or "constant", or "file", or "signal", or "variable"
Error (10500): VHDL syntax error at Alu.vhd(60) near text ")"; expecting ":", or ","
Error (10500): VHDL syntax error at Alu.vhd(62) near text "begin"; expecting an identifier ("begin" is a reserved keyword), or "constant", or "file", or "signal", or "variable"
Error (10500): VHDL syntax error at Alu.vhd(64) near text ")"; expecting ":", or ","
Error (10500): VHDL syntax error at Alu.vhd(65) near text ")"; expecting ":", or ","
我试图纠正它们，但是看起来有些错误没有意义，因为我具有错误显示的所有标点符号。此外，我已将文件设置为上层实体。
答案 0 :(得分：2)
您的代码中仍然存在一些语法错误。您应该可以自己解决它们，但我要注意一些注意事项：
在包主体内部声明一个过程应该以例如procedure add(...) is。该行不应以半彩色结尾，您已使用函数正确完成了此操作。
使用表达式(size-1 downto 0)=> "1"，您可能想制作一个大小为“ size”的向量，仅包含1s？为此，请使用表达式，例如x1'range => '1'，其中x1可以是大小为size的向量变量。
对于未定义的+类型，您可以使用bit_vector运算符。您可能打算使用std_logic_vector类型，因为您导入了ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all。或者使用numeric_bit_unsigned包。
顺便说一句。此包不受支持，因此您可能希望通过转换为unsigned来更改数据类型并改用ieee.numeric_std.all包。
未声明的类型等可能存在错误。请检查如何使用use语句。
还有其他一些小的语法错误（我认为还有一些逻辑错误），但是在修复这些错误之后，您应该能够通过阅读错误消息来解决它们。