作为一个示例,假设我要对向量{1、2、3、4、5}进行排序,将偶数放在左边,奇数放在右边。我可以设计一种算法,以O(N)的时间执行此操作(如下所示)。我的问题是,是否存在用于此类操作的现有STL算法?
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
/**
Sort a vector of integers according to a boolean predicate function
Reorders the elements of x such that elements satisfying some condition
(i.e. f(x) = true) are arranged to the left and elements not satisfying the
condition (f(x) = false) are arranged to the right
(Note that this sort method is unstable)
@param x vector of integers
*/
void sort_binary(std::vector<int>& x, bool (*func)(int)){
// Strategy:
// Simultaneously iterate over x from the left and right ends towards
// the middle. When one finds {..., false, ..., ..., true, ....},
// swap those elements
std::vector<int>::iterator it1 = x.begin();
std::vector<int>::iterator it2 = x.end();
int temp;
while(it1 != it2){
while(func(*it1) && it1 < it2){
++it1;
}
while(!func(*it2) && it1 < it2){
--it2;
}
if(it1 != it2){
// Swap elements
temp = *it1;
*it1 = *it2;
*it2 = temp;
}
}
}
int main() {
// Sort a vector of ints so that even numbers are on the
// left and odd numbers are on the right
std::vector<int> foo {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
sort_binary(foo, [](int x) { return x % 2 == 0; } );
for(auto &x : foo) std::cout << x << " ";
}
答案 0 :(得分:4)
您可以使用std::partition()
重新排列范围[first,last)中的元素,以使谓词p返回true的所有元素都在谓词p返回false的元素之前。元素的相对顺序不保留。
复杂性:
该谓词恰好有N个应用。如果ForwardIt满足LegacyBidirectionalIterator的要求,最多N / 2个交换,否则最多N个交换。
std::partition( foo.begin(), foo.end(), [](int x) { return x % 2 == 0; } );
如果要保留元素的顺序,可以使用std::stable_partition()
PS