plm各个尺寸未定义

Question

这个问题已由我自己解决。实际上，k用于以前的“ for”循环中，并在执行代码后保留在内存中。因此，当我将k称为数据帧的列时，会发生错误，因为它们是不同的k。这真的教会了我有关使用R ...进行编码的知识。

我正在使用plm :: purtest对面板数据进行单元根测试。

data.frame看起来像这样：

如您所见，我要测试四个变量。问题是，我跑了

purtest(e~trend,data=dflong,index=c('region','year'),pmax=2,test='levinlin')
purtest(y~trend,data=dflong,index=c('region','year'),pmax=2,test='levinlin')
purtest(l~trend,data=dflong,index=c('region','year'),pmax=2,test='levinlin')

，一切进展顺利。但是当我这样做时：

purtest(k~trend,data=dflong,index=c('region','year'),pmax=2,test='levinlin')

然后出现错误：

  

错误（k〜趋势，数据= dflong，索引= c（“区域”，“年”），：     各个维度未定义

我不知道出了什么问题，因为k与e，y或l确实没有区别。 有人可以帮忙吗？非常感谢。

这是dput（dflong）的输出：

dput(dflong)
structure(list(region = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 
3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 
4L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 
6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 8L, 
8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 
9L, 9L, 9L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 
11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 12L, 12L, 12L, 
12L, 12L, 12L, 12L, 12L, 12L, 12L, 13L, 13L, 13L, 13L, 13L, 13L, 
13L, 13L, 13L, 13L, 14L, 14L, 14L, 14L, 14L, 14L, 14L, 14L, 14L, 
14L, 15L, 15L, 15L, 15L, 15L, 15L, 15L, 15L, 15L, 15L, 16L, 16L, 
16L, 16L, 16L, 16L, 16L, 16L, 16L, 16L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 
17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 18L, 18L, 18L, 18L, 18L, 18L, 18L, 18L, 
18L, 18L, 19L, 19L, 19L, 19L, 19L, 19L, 19L, 19L, 19L, 19L, 20L, 
20L, 20L, 20L, 20L, 20L, 20L, 20L, 20L, 20L, 21L, 21L, 21L, 21L, 
21L, 21L, 21L, 21L, 21L, 21L, 22L, 22L, 22L, 22L, 22L, 22L, 22L, 
22L, 22L, 22L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 
24L, 24L, 24L, 24L, 24L, 24L, 24L, 24L, 24L, 24L, 25L, 25L, 25L, 
25L, 25L, 25L, 25L, 25L, 25L, 25L, 26L, 26L, 26L, 26L, 26L, 26L, 
26L, 26L, 26L, 26L, 27L, 27L, 27L, 27L, 27L, 27L, 27L, 27L, 27L, 
27L, 28L, 28L, 28L, 28L, 28L, 28L, 28L, 28L, 28L, 28L, 29L, 29L, 
29L, 29L, 29L, 29L, 29L, 29L, 29L, 29L, 30L, 30L, 30L, 30L, 30L, 
30L, 30L, 30L, 30L, 30L, 31L, 31L, 31L, 31L, 31L, 31L, 31L, 31L, 
31L, 31L), .Label = c("安徽省", "北京市", "福建省", "甘肃省", 
"广东省", "广西壮族自治区", "贵州省", "海南省", "河北省", "河南省", 
"黑龙江省", "湖北省", "湖南省", "吉林省", "江苏省", "江西省", 
"辽宁省", "内蒙古自治区", "宁夏回族自治区", "青海省", "山东省", 
"山西省", "陕西省", "上海市", "四川省", "天津市", "西藏自治区", 
"新疆维吾尔自治区", "云南省", "浙江省", "重庆市"), class = "factor"), 
    year = c(2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 
    2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 
    2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 
    2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 
    2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 
    2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 
    2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 
    2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 
    2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 
    2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 
    2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 
    2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 
    2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 
    2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 
    2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 
    2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 
    2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 
    2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 
    2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 
    2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 
    2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 
    2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 
    2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 
    2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 
    2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 
    2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 
    2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 
    2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 
    2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 
    2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 
    2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 
    2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 
    2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 
    2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 
    2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 2017L), e = c(286.26, 
    323.79, 386.31, 564.71, 717.94, 736.59, 743.07, 856.73, 910.87, 
    1014.91, 316.3, 365.67, 450.22, 520.08, 628.65, 681.18, 742.05, 
    855.67, 887.37, 964.62, 233.29, 277.55, 327.77, 406.73, 562.3, 
    574.91, 634.6, 757.51, 789.11, 842.21, 182.93, 206.36, 228.23, 
    284.33, 367.92, 377.06, 401.26, 498.33, 548.95, 567.35, 703.33, 
    803.2, 921.48, 1227.87, 1501.22, 1744.59, 1808.97, 2040.65, 
    2318.47, 2575.52, 251.22, 296.6, 366.84, 456.89, 589.24, 
    609.93, 660.53, 789.69, 854.55, 920.2, 229.77, 256.72, 292.06, 
    376.86, 500.51, 560.67, 637.03, 772.91, 843.54, 901.96, 55.63, 
    74.5, 98.33, 127.27, 158.79, 174.57, 175.95, 206.84, 214.24, 
    220.87, 376.98, 439.33, 514.3, 652.11, 865.54, 837.63, 868.87, 
    1041.16, 1134.9, 1276.55, 444.03, 526.14, 609.37, 857.14, 
    1106.51, 1171.52, 1201.38, 1271, 1343.76, 1493.11, 256.62, 
    266.61, 299.14, 373.83, 544.79, 501.28, 505.94, 549.66, 558.87, 
    573.11, 284.19, 317.29, 366.57, 488.16, 732.37, 690.63, 773.35, 
    913.05, 1047.37, 1101.35, 311.26, 357.58, 403.1, 540.83, 
    807.58, 809.45, 833.27, 928.54, 1032.37, 1115.33, 188.03, 
    216.99, 250.2, 319.82, 451.05, 422.09, 407.1, 477.57, 499.7, 
    508.09, 592.6, 680.63, 865.36, 1093.22, 1350.61, 1434.99, 
    1504.86, 1746.22, 1842.94, 1979.57, 206.86, 251.93, 297.5, 
    474.43, 622.06, 664.53, 711.72, 793.27, 848.88, 940.57, 306.36, 
    346.73, 405.39, 544.09, 728.79, 669.48, 604.49, 610.24, 633.96, 
    648.06, 206.4, 243.48, 322.11, 390.69, 439.97, 456.87, 477.77, 
    536.53, 554.97, 561.85, 54.06, 63.5, 81.59, 103.02, 106.45, 
    112.95, 122.68, 142.51, 152.57, 170.65, 48.81, 61.82, 82.47, 
    130.11, 171.81, 121.51, 156.31, 163.19, 171.36, 187.51, 550.99, 
    613.49, 770.45, 1047.9, 1311.8, 1399.67, 1461.05, 1690.62, 
    1825.99, 1890, 234.99, 278.07, 328.58, 421.79, 558.03, 542.44, 
    507.28, 602.85, 606.97, 620.67, 264.91, 310.96, 377.79, 529.46, 
    703.34, 710.11, 693.83, 758.07, 777.53, 828.25, 326.06, 346.95, 
    417.28, 549.24, 648.95, 679.54, 695.63, 767.32, 840.97, 874.1, 
    369.28, 451.44, 540.65, 684.66, 993.2, 1036.41, 1056.91, 
    1252.33, 1301.85, 1389.2, 141.7, 173.61, 229.56, 302.32, 
    378.75, 461.36, 517.01, 507.44, 502.49, 434.59, 47.08, 61.04, 
    60.8, 77.81, 94.48, 107.18, 142.08, 167.27, 169.64, 227.2, 
    199.21, 240.15, 313.84, 399.8, 473.86, 532.67, 567.2, 647.93, 
    664.52, 722.59, 241.95, 308.18, 374.79, 483, 674.82, 685.97, 
    674.94, 767.46, 871.14, 998.33, 453.99, 519.33, 606.54, 751.42, 
    877.86, 950.07, 1030.99, 1264.93, 1300.03, 1430.15, 153.5, 
    190.28, 240.46, 318.7, 471.49, 437.28, 469.98, 536.24, 575.18, 
    626.3), y = c(8851.66, 10062.82, 12359.33, 15300.65, 17212.05, 
    19229.34, 20848.75, 22005.63, 24407.62, 27018, 11115, 12153.03, 
    14113.58, 16251.93, 17879.4, 19800.81, 21330.83, 23014.59, 
    25669.13, 28014.94, 10823.01, 12236.53, 14737.12, 17560.18, 
    19701.78, 21868.49, 24055.76, 25979.82, 28810.58, 32182.09, 
    3166.82, 3387.56, 4120.75, 5020.37, 5650.2, 6330.69, 6836.82, 
    6790.32, 7200.37, 7459.9, 36796.71, 39482.56, 46013.06, 53210.28, 
    57067.92, 62474.79, 67809.85, 72812.55, 80854.91, 89705.23, 
    7021, 7759.16, 9569.85, 11720.87, 13035.1, 14449.9, 15672.89, 
    16803.12, 18317.64, 18523.26, 3561.56, 3912.68, 4602.16, 
    5701.84, 6852.2, 8086.86, 9266.39, 10502.56, 11776.73, 13540.83, 
    1503.06, 1654.21, 2064.5, 2522.66, 2855.54, 3177.56, 3500.72, 
    3702.76, 4053.2, 4462.54, 16011.97, 17235.48, 20394.26, 24515.76, 
    26575.01, 28442.95, 29421.15, 29806.11, 32070.45, 34016.32, 
    18018.53, 19480.46, 23092.36, 26931.03, 29599.31, 32191.3, 
    34938.24, 37002.16, 40471.79, 44552.83, 8314.37, 8587, 10368.6, 
    12582, 13691.58, 14454.91, 15039.38, 15083.67, 15386.09, 
    15902.68, 11328.92, 12961.1, 15967.61, 19632.26, 22250.45, 
    24791.83, 27379.22, 29550.19, 32665.38, 35478.09, 11555, 
    13059.69, 16037.96, 19669.56, 22154.23, 24621.67, 27037.32, 
    28902.21, 31551.37, 33902.96, 6426.1, 7278.75, 8667.58, 10568.83, 
    11939.24, 13046.4, 13803.14, 14063.13, 14776.8, 14944.53, 
    30981.98, 34457.3, 41425.48, 49110.27, 54058.22, 59753.37, 
    65088.32, 70116.38, 77388.28, 85869.76, 6971.05, 7655.18, 
    9451.26, 11702.82, 12948.88, 14410.19, 15714.63, 16723.78, 
    18499, 20006.31, 13668.58, 15212.49, 18457.27, 22226.7, 24846.43, 
    27213.22, 28626.58, 28669.02, 22246.9, 23409.24, 8496.2, 
    9740.25, 11672, 14359.88, 15880.58, 16916.5, 17770.19, 17831.51, 
    18128.1, 16096.21, 1203.92, 1353.31, 1689.65, 2102.21, 2341.29, 
    2577.57, 2752.1, 2911.77, 3168.59, 3443.56, 1018.62, 1081.27, 
    1350.43, 1670.44, 1893.54, 2122.06, 2303.32, 2417.05, 2572.49, 
    2624.83, 30933.28, 33896.65, 39169.92, 45361.85, 50013.24, 
    55230.32, 59426.59, 63002.33, 68024.49, 72634.15, 7315.4, 
    7358.31, 9200.86, 11237.55, 12112.83, 12665.25, 12761.49, 
    12766.49, 13050.41, 15528.42, 7314.58, 8169.8, 10123.48, 
    12512.3, 14453.68, 16205.45, 17689.94, 18021.86, 19399.59, 
    21898.81, 14069.86, 15046.45, 17165.98, 19195.69, 20181.72, 
    21818.15, 23567.7, 25123.45, 28178.65, 30632.99, 12601.23, 
    14151.28, 17185.48, 21026.68, 23872.8, 26392.07, 28536.66, 
    30053.1, 32934.54, 36980.22, 6719.01, 7521.85, 9224.46, 11307.28, 
    12893.88, 14442.01, 15726.93, 16538.19, 17885.39, 18549.19, 
    394.85, 441.36, 507.46, 605.83, 701.03, 815.67, 920.83, 1026.39, 
    1151.41, 1310.92, 4183.21, 4277.05, 5437.47, 6610.05, 7505.31, 
    8443.84, 9273.46, 9324.8, 9649.7, 10881.96, 5692.12, 6169.75, 
    7224.18, 8893.12, 10309.47, 11832.31, 12814.59, 13619.17, 
    14788.42, 16376.34, 21462.69, 22990.35, 27722.31, 32318.85, 
    34665.33, 37756.59, 40173.03, 42886.49, 47251.36, 51768.26, 
    5793.66, 6530.01, 7925.58, 10011.37, 11409.6, 12783.26, 14262.6, 
    15717.27, 17740.59, 19424.73), l = c(787.99, 820.29, 943.69, 
    1010.05, 1083.05, 1224.73, 1338.15, 1433.13, 1573.23, 1748.9, 
    1011.78, 1097.75, 1172.58, 1244.71, 1309.7, 1382.54, 1584.45, 
    1729.07, 1838.26, 1954.24, 819.1, 917.65, 991.9, 1179.62, 
    1290.58, 1284.33, 1411.32, 1576.5, 1818.12, 1970.96, 328.8, 
    350.48, 371.79, 405.14, 437.28, 520.43, 583.18, 632.11, 676.4, 
    789.99, 2468.18, 2608.36, 2659.25, 2909.07, 3112.92, 4007.6, 
    4500.05, 4968.49, 5595.37, 6142.69, 633.89, 685.41, 729.25, 
    775.49, 835.59, 911.84, 972.48, 1051.83, 1104.78, 1185.39, 
    356.13, 375.47, 392.84, 456.91, 545.9, 643.52, 733.38, 822.21, 
    894.74, 984.63, 145.92, 159.79, 172.74, 189.05, 206.85, 251.23, 
    256.85, 275.99, 279.03, 292.42, 1058.93, 1258.01, 1062.09, 
    1181.59, 1261.22, 1249.19, 1329.11, 1448.88, 1621.34, 1655.42, 
    1225.02, 1350.6, 1452.08, 1641.93, 1746.69, 1805.89, 2003.14, 
    2120.91, 2319.79, 2550.69, 787.74, 800.82, 853.94, 908.82, 
    975.18, 999.12, 923.42, 736.89, 787.39, 815.99, 953.91, 1064.56, 
    1142.45, 1365.11, 1509.54, 1852.58, 2151.02, 2241.99, 2284.52, 
    2388.24, 893.68, 950.78, 1068.04, 1237.19, 1289.43, 1397.99, 
    1565.67, 1642.5, 1303.39, 1365.61, 477.98, 511.3, 576.82, 
    641.58, 692.55, 811.58, 846.85, 905.42, 937.3, 1033.92, 2339.49, 
    2497.86, 2768.16, 2936.43, 3063.82, 4046.28, 4217.84, 4343.15, 
    4611.44, 4878.67, 689.54, 735.35, 832.54, 975.94, 1045.65, 
    1117.51, 1241.77, 1345.29, 1370.08, 1394.37, 1114.71, 1213.27, 
    1235.38, 1346.58, 1405.72, 1527.48, 1592.38, 1508.75, 1387.81, 
    1434.09, 453.02, 480.09, 508.01, 563.92, 631.64, 771.27, 
    824.15, 810.28, 818.5, 869.26, 114.64, 127.33, 140.32, 155.99, 
    166.34, 168, 187.94, 209.12, 223.41, 243.22, 101.67, 107.72, 
    112.98, 125.06, 131.56, 130.73, 135.27, 133.51, 144.84, 161.78, 
    1812.06, 1962, 2141.21, 2331.16, 2485.18, 2792.93, 3023.73, 
    3279.17, 3588.14, 3912.14, 634.43, 636.1, 684.76, 727.59, 
    822.2, 889.28, 924.04, 937.57, 983.94, 1020.71, 660.7, 670.91, 
    703.03, 781.97, 831.71, 972.09, 1033.98, 995.38, 1029.74, 
    1077.47, 927.53, 974.48, 1009.11, 1158.05, 1267.68, 1400.22, 
    1573.26, 1720.89, 1821.99, 1976.62, 1218.31, 1292.67, 1335.61, 
    1409.05, 1524.99, 1801.28, 1792.4, 2140.46, 2193.42, 1758.01, 
    329.93, 328.96, 346.31, 413.59, 437.13, 454.73, 459.23, 478.9, 
    495.69, 506.9, 49.78, 54.73, 58.97, 69.33, 76.52, 85.56, 
    92.67, 105.25, 122.77, 133.46, 409.02, 416.32, 429.61, 450.91, 
    500.45, 536.65, 566.02, 611.53, 655.14, 961.03, 660.07, 712.28, 
    764.39, 864.19, 955.68, 1048.36, 1120.07, 1086.72, 1167.65, 
    1218.68, 1895.3, 2041.91, 2222.67, 2475.18, 2616.34, 2832.25, 
    3073.49, 3501.01, 3626.66, 3750.31, 513.66, 562.14, 594.24, 
    781, 901.68, 1048.59, 1195.43, 1346.65, 1472.34, 1575.01), 
    k = c(6746.96, 8990.73, 11542.94, 12455.69, 15425.8, 18621.9, 
    21875.58, 24385.97, 27033.38, 29275.06, 3814.73, 4616.92, 
    5402.95, 5578.93, 6112.4, 6847.06, 6924.23, 7495.99, 7943.89, 
    8370.44, 5207.68, 6231.2, 8199.12, 9910.89, 12439.9, 15327.44, 
    18177.86, 21301.38, 23237.35, 26416.28, 1712.78, 2363, 3158.34, 
    3965.79, 5145, 6527.94, 7884.13, 8754.23, 9663.99, 5827.75, 
    10868.67, 12933.12, 15623.7, 17069.2, 18751.5, 22308.39, 
    26293.93, 30343.03, 33303.64, 37761.75, 3756.41, 5237.24, 
    7057.56, 7990.66, 9808.6, 11907.67, 13843.22, 16227.78, 18236.78, 
    20499.11, 1864.45, 2412.02, 3104.92, 4235.92, 5717.8, 7373.6, 
    9025.75, 10945.54, 13204, 15503.86, 705.42, 988.32, 1317.04, 
    1657.23, 2145.4, 2697.93, 3112.23, 3451.22, 3890.45, 4244.4, 
    8866.56, 12269.8, 15083.35, 16389.33, 19661.3, 23194.23, 
    26671.92, 29448.27, 31750.02, 33406.8, 10490.64, 13704.5, 
    16585.86, 17768.95, 21450, 26087.46, 30782.17, 35660.35, 
    40415.09, 44496.93, 3655.97, 5028.83, 6812.56, 7475.38, 9694.7, 
    11453.08, 9828.99, 10182.95, 10648.35, 11291.98, 5647.01, 
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