我有一组shared_ptr,我想将remove_copy_if与谓词的自定义函数对象一起使用。我不知道“最好”的方式。现在,我有这个工作:
class CellInCol : public std::unary_function<const std::shared_ptr<Cell>,
bool>
{
public:
CellInCol( size_t col ) : _col( col ) {}
bool operator() ( const std::shared_ptr<Cell> &a ) const
{
return ( a->GetX() == _col );
}
private:
size_t _col;
};
typedef std::set<std::shared_ptr<Cell>, CellSorter> Container;
Container _grid;
// initialization omitted...
Puzzle::Container Puzzle::GetCol( size_t c )
{
Cell::Validate( c, 1, 9 );
Container col;
std::remove_copy_if( _grid.begin(), _grid.end(),
std::inserter( col, col.begin() ),
std::not1( CellInCol( c ) ) );
return col;
}
我决定对shared_ptr执行const引用,因为该对象不会保留指针,这似乎比shared_ptr的额外副本更有效。
似乎最好只对对象进行const引用,但我无法编译它。我把它改成了这个,但没有运气:
class CellInCol : public std::unary_function<const Cell,
bool>
{
public:
CellInCol( size_t col ) : _col( col ) {}
// note use of const ref to shared_ptr's
bool operator() ( const Cell &a ) const
{
return ( a.GetX() == _col );
}
private:
size_t _col;
};
这是g ++的输出:
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.4/algorithm:62,
from /usr/include/c++/4.4/valarray:41,
from Puzzle.h:5,
from Puzzle.cpp:2:
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h: In function ‘_OIter std::remove_copy_if(_IIter, _IIter, _OIter, _Predicate) [with _IIter = std::_Rb_tree_const_iterator<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell> >, _OIter = std::insert_iterator<std::set<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell>, Sudoku::CellSorter, std::allocator<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell> > > >, _Predicate = std::unary_negate<Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInRow>]’:
Puzzle.cpp:100: instantiated from here
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h:938: error: no match for call to ‘(std::unary_negate<Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInRow>) (const std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell>&)’
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_function.h:357: note: candidates are: bool std::unary_negate<_Predicate>::operator()(const typename _Predicate::argument_type&) const [with _Predicate = Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInRow]
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h: In function ‘_OIter std::remove_copy_if(_IIter, _IIter, _OIter, _Predicate) [with _IIter = std::_Rb_tree_const_iterator<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell> >, _OIter = std::insert_iterator<std::set<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell>, Sudoku::CellSorter, std::allocator<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell> > > >, _Predicate = std::unary_negate<Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInCol>]’:
Puzzle.cpp:110: instantiated from here
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h:938: error: no match for call to ‘(std::unary_negate<Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInCol>) (const std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell>&)’
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_function.h:357: note: candidates are: bool std::unary_negate<_Predicate>::operator()(const typename _Predicate::argument_type&) const [with _Predicate = Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInCol]
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h: In function ‘_OIter std::remove_copy_if(_IIter, _IIter, _OIter, _Predicate) [with _IIter = std::_Rb_tree_const_iterator<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell> >, _OIter = std::insert_iterator<std::set<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell>, Sudoku::CellSorter, std::allocator<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell> > > >, _Predicate = std::unary_negate<Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInBlock>]’:
Puzzle.cpp:121: instantiated from here
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h:938: error: no match for call to ‘(std::unary_negate<Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInBlock>) (const std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell>&)’
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_function.h:357: note: candidates are: bool std::unary_negate<_Predicate>::operator()(const typename _Predicate::argument_type&) const [with _Predicate = Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInBlock]
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h: In function ‘_OIter std::remove_copy_if(_IIter, _IIter, _OIter, _Predicate) [with _IIter = std::_Rb_tree_const_iterator<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell> >, _OIter = std::insert_iterator<std::set<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell>, Sudoku::CellSorter, std::allocator<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell> > > >, _Predicate = std::unary_negate<Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellIsNeighbor>]’:
Puzzle.cpp:154: instantiated from here
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h:938: error: no match for call to ‘(std::unary_negate<Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellIsNeighbor>) (const std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell>&)’
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_function.h:357: note: candidates are: bool std::unary_negate<_Predicate>::operator()(const typename _Predicate::argument_type&) const [with _Predicate = Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellIsNeighbor]
make: *** [Puzzle.o] Error 1
还有其他方法可以做到这一点,还是有任何建议?
答案 0 :(得分:4)
首先,由于您使用的是C ++ 0x功能(std::shared_ptr
),因此使用std::copy_if()
来避免调用std::not1
是有意义的。
你编写的第一个仿函数,以及一个最小的可编译示例是这样的:https://ideone.com/XhuNu
第二个仿函数不起作用,正如编译器所指出的那样,由于其argument_type(即const Cell
)与其被调用的参数(const std::shared_ptr<Cell>&
}不匹配。 / p>
根本不是容器包含的内容!就其所知,此时,那些Cell对象甚至可能无法复制。
如果容器是一组Cells,而不是一组指向Cells的共享指针,那么第二个仿函数确实是更好的选择。无论如何,它被认为是避免共享对象的好设计。
使用第二个仿函数编译的示例代码
#include <set>
#include <functional>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
struct Cell {
int mX;
Cell(int x) : mX(x) {}
size_t GetX() const { return mX;}
};
struct CellSorter {
bool operator()(const Cell& l, const Cell& r) const
{
return l.GetX() < r.GetX();
}
};
// your second functor begins
class CellInCol : public std::unary_function<const Cell,
bool>
{
public:
CellInCol( size_t col ) : _col( col ) {}
// note use of const ref to shared_ptr's
bool operator() ( const Cell &a ) const
{
return ( a.GetX() == _col );
}
private:
size_t _col;
};
// your second functor ends
int main()
{
typedef std::set<Cell, CellSorter> Container;
Container _grid = {Cell(1), Cell(2), Cell(7), Cell(10)};
Container col;
size_t c = 7;
std::remove_copy_if( _grid.begin(), _grid.end(),
std::inserter( col, col.begin() ),
std::not1( CellInCol( c ) ) );
std::cout << "col has " << col.size() << " elements\n"
<< "the first element is " << col.begin()->GetX() << '\n';
}
答案 1 :(得分:2)
您可以使用boost::make_indirect_iterator
让std::remove_copy_if
代替Cell
进行shared_ptr
。但是,由于算法将直接在Cell
上运行,因此输出迭代器也必须采用Cell
而不是shared_ptr
s。这意味着输出集合必须是Cell
s的集合。
如果你想存储shared_ptr
,你必须以某种方式转换谓词。您可以使用boost::lambda
来做到这一点。
Cubbi的示例已修改为使用boost::lambda
:
#include <memory>
#include <set>
#include <functional>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/lambda/lambda.hpp>
#include <boost/lambda/bind.hpp>
struct Cell {
int mX;
Cell(int x) : mX(x) {}
size_t GetX() const { return mX;}
};
struct CellSorter {
bool operator()(const boost::shared_ptr<Cell>& l, const boost::shared_ptr<Cell>& r) const
{
return l->GetX() < r->GetX();
}
};
class CellInCol : public std::unary_function<Cell, bool>
{
public:
CellInCol( size_t col ) : _col( col ) {}
// note use of const ref to shared_ptr's
bool operator() ( const Cell &a ) const
{
return ( a.GetX() == _col );
}
private:
size_t _col;
};
int main()
{
typedef std::set<boost::shared_ptr<Cell>, CellSorter> Container;
Container _grid;
_grid.insert( boost::shared_ptr<Cell>(new Cell(1)));
_grid.insert( boost::shared_ptr<Cell>(new Cell(2)));
_grid.insert( boost::shared_ptr<Cell>(new Cell(7)));
_grid.insert( boost::shared_ptr<Cell>(new Cell(10)));
Container col;
size_t c = 7;
std::remove_copy_if(
_grid.begin(),
_grid.end(),
std::inserter( col, col.begin() ),
!boost::lambda::bind(CellInCol(c), *boost::lambda::_1) // <------ :^)
);
std::cout << "col has " << col.size() << " elements\n"
<< " the first element is " << (*col.begin())->GetX() << '\n';
}
(ideone的C ++ 0x编译器不知道它的提升,因此我将std :: shared_ptr更改为boost :: shared_ptr,但这应该没有区别)
PS:
我决定对shared_ptr执行const引用,因为该对象不会保留指针,这似乎比shared_ptr的额外副本更有效。
是的,您应该(几乎)始终将shared_ptr
作为引用传递给const,这会产生巨大的差异。在具有线程的平台上复制shared_ptr
意味着至少有一条原子指令(CAS,原子增量或类似的东西),而这些指令可能相当昂贵。 (当然,销毁副本也同样昂贵)
我能想到的唯一例外是函数是否会复制shared_ptr
。在这种情况下,您可以按值取值并使用swap()
“复制”它,或者提供rvalue-reference重载。 (如果函数总是复制shared_ptr
,则rvalue-reference重载将是首选解决方案。)
当然,如果函数价格昂贵,它并没有太大的区别,但是如果它是一个非常便宜的函数,可能会被内联并在一个thight循环中被调用,那么差异可能相当明显。