将STL算法与shared_ptr,函数对象一起使用

时间:2011-03-25 19:42:16

标签: c++ shared-ptr stl-algorithm function-object

我有一组shared_ptr,我想将remove_copy_if与谓词的自定义函数对象一起使用。我不知道“最好”的方式。现在,我有这个工作:

class CellInCol : public std::unary_function<const std::shared_ptr<Cell>,
                                             bool>
{
public:
    CellInCol( size_t col ) : _col( col ) {}
    bool operator() ( const std::shared_ptr<Cell> &a ) const
    {
        return ( a->GetX() == _col );
    }
private:
    size_t _col;
};


    typedef std::set<std::shared_ptr<Cell>, CellSorter> Container;
    Container _grid;
    // initialization omitted...


Puzzle::Container Puzzle::GetCol( size_t c )
{
    Cell::Validate( c, 1, 9 );
    Container col;
    std::remove_copy_if( _grid.begin(), _grid.end(),
                         std::inserter( col, col.begin() ),
                         std::not1( CellInCol( c ) ) );
    return col;
}

我决定对shared_ptr执行const引用,因为该对象不会保留指针,这似乎比shared_ptr的额外副本更有效。

似乎最好只对对象进行const引用,但我无法编译它。我把它改成了这个,但没有运气:

class CellInCol : public std::unary_function<const Cell,
                                             bool>
{
public:
    CellInCol( size_t col ) : _col( col ) {}

    // note use of const ref to shared_ptr's
    bool operator() ( const Cell &a ) const
    {
        return ( a.GetX() == _col );
    }
private:
    size_t _col;
};

这是g ++的输出:

In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.4/algorithm:62,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.4/valarray:41,
                 from Puzzle.h:5,
                 from Puzzle.cpp:2:
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h: In function ‘_OIter std::remove_copy_if(_IIter, _IIter, _OIter, _Predicate) [with _IIter = std::_Rb_tree_const_iterator<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell> >, _OIter = std::insert_iterator<std::set<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell>, Sudoku::CellSorter, std::allocator<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell> > > >, _Predicate = std::unary_negate<Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInRow>]’:
Puzzle.cpp:100:   instantiated from here
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h:938: error: no match for call to ‘(std::unary_negate<Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInRow>) (const std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell>&)’
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_function.h:357: note: candidates are: bool std::unary_negate<_Predicate>::operator()(const typename _Predicate::argument_type&) const [with _Predicate = Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInRow]
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h: In function ‘_OIter std::remove_copy_if(_IIter, _IIter, _OIter, _Predicate) [with _IIter = std::_Rb_tree_const_iterator<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell> >, _OIter = std::insert_iterator<std::set<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell>, Sudoku::CellSorter, std::allocator<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell> > > >, _Predicate = std::unary_negate<Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInCol>]’:
Puzzle.cpp:110:   instantiated from here
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h:938: error: no match for call to ‘(std::unary_negate<Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInCol>) (const std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell>&)’
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_function.h:357: note: candidates are: bool std::unary_negate<_Predicate>::operator()(const typename _Predicate::argument_type&) const [with _Predicate = Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInCol]
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h: In function ‘_OIter std::remove_copy_if(_IIter, _IIter, _OIter, _Predicate) [with _IIter = std::_Rb_tree_const_iterator<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell> >, _OIter = std::insert_iterator<std::set<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell>, Sudoku::CellSorter, std::allocator<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell> > > >, _Predicate = std::unary_negate<Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInBlock>]’:
Puzzle.cpp:121:   instantiated from here
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h:938: error: no match for call to ‘(std::unary_negate<Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInBlock>) (const std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell>&)’
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_function.h:357: note: candidates are: bool std::unary_negate<_Predicate>::operator()(const typename _Predicate::argument_type&) const [with _Predicate = Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellInBlock]
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h: In function ‘_OIter std::remove_copy_if(_IIter, _IIter, _OIter, _Predicate) [with _IIter = std::_Rb_tree_const_iterator<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell> >, _OIter = std::insert_iterator<std::set<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell>, Sudoku::CellSorter, std::allocator<std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell> > > >, _Predicate = std::unary_negate<Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellIsNeighbor>]’:
Puzzle.cpp:154:   instantiated from here
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h:938: error: no match for call to ‘(std::unary_negate<Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellIsNeighbor>) (const std::shared_ptr<Sudoku::Cell>&)’
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_function.h:357: note: candidates are: bool std::unary_negate<_Predicate>::operator()(const typename _Predicate::argument_type&) const [with _Predicate = Sudoku::<unnamed>::CellIsNeighbor]
make: *** [Puzzle.o] Error 1

还有其他方法可以做到这一点,还是有任何建议?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

首先,由于您使用的是C ++ 0x功能(std::shared_ptr),因此使用std::copy_if()来避免调用std::not1是有意义的。

你编写的第一个仿函数,以及一个最小的可编译示例是这样的:https://ideone.com/XhuNu

第二个仿函数不起作用,正如编译器所指出的那样,由于其argument_type(即const Cell)与其被调用的参数(const std::shared_ptr<Cell>&}不匹配。 / p>

根本不是容器包含的内容!就其所知,此时,那些Cell对象甚至可能无法复制。

如果容器是一组Cells,而不是一组指向Cells的共享指针,那么第二个仿函数确实是更好的选择。无论如何,它被认为是避免共享对象的好设计。

使用第二个仿函数编译的示例代码

#include <set>
#include <functional>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>

struct Cell {
        int mX;
        Cell(int x) : mX(x) {}
        size_t GetX() const { return mX;}
};
struct CellSorter {
        bool operator()(const Cell& l, const Cell& r) const
        {
                return l.GetX() < r.GetX();
        }
};

// your second functor begins
class CellInCol : public std::unary_function<const Cell,
                                             bool>
{
public:
    CellInCol( size_t col ) : _col( col ) {}

    // note use of const ref to shared_ptr's
    bool operator() ( const Cell &a ) const
    {
        return ( a.GetX() == _col );
    }
private:
    size_t _col;
};
// your second functor ends

int main()
{
    typedef std::set<Cell, CellSorter> Container;
    Container _grid = {Cell(1), Cell(2), Cell(7), Cell(10)};
    Container col;
    size_t c = 7;
    std::remove_copy_if( _grid.begin(), _grid.end(),
                         std::inserter( col, col.begin() ),
                         std::not1( CellInCol( c ) ) );
    std::cout << "col has " << col.size() << " elements\n"
              << "the first element is " << col.begin()->GetX() << '\n';
}

测试运行:https://ideone.com/kLiFn

答案 1 :(得分:2)

您可以使用boost::make_indirect_iteratorstd::remove_copy_if代替Cell进行shared_ptr。但是,由于算法将直接在Cell上运行,因此输出迭代器也必须采用Cell而不是shared_ptr s。这意味着输出集合必须是Cell s的集合。

如果你想存储shared_ptr,你必须以某种方式转换谓词。您可以使用boost::lambda来做到这一点。

Cubbi的示例已修改为使用boost::lambda

#include <memory>
#include <set>
#include <functional>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/lambda/lambda.hpp>
#include <boost/lambda/bind.hpp>


struct Cell {
        int mX;
        Cell(int x) : mX(x) {}
        size_t GetX() const { return mX;}
};
struct CellSorter {
        bool operator()(const boost::shared_ptr<Cell>& l, const boost::shared_ptr<Cell>& r) const
        {
                return l->GetX() < r->GetX();
        }
};

class CellInCol : public std::unary_function<Cell, bool>
{
public:
    CellInCol( size_t col ) : _col( col ) {}

    // note use of const ref to shared_ptr's
    bool operator() ( const Cell &a ) const
    {
        return ( a.GetX() == _col );
    }
private:
    size_t _col;
};

int main()
{
    typedef std::set<boost::shared_ptr<Cell>, CellSorter> Container;
    Container _grid;
    _grid.insert( boost::shared_ptr<Cell>(new Cell(1)));
    _grid.insert( boost::shared_ptr<Cell>(new Cell(2)));
    _grid.insert( boost::shared_ptr<Cell>(new Cell(7)));
    _grid.insert( boost::shared_ptr<Cell>(new Cell(10)));
    Container col;
    size_t c = 7;

    std::remove_copy_if(
        _grid.begin(),
        _grid.end(),
        std::inserter( col, col.begin() ),
        !boost::lambda::bind(CellInCol(c), *boost::lambda::_1) // <------ :^)
    );

    std::cout << "col has " << col.size() << " elements\n"
              << " the first element is " << (*col.begin())->GetX() << '\n';
}

(ideone的C ++ 0x编译器不知道它的提升,因此我将std :: shared_ptr更改为boost :: shared_ptr,但这应该没有区别)

http://www.ideone.com/mtMUj

PS:

  

我决定对shared_ptr执行const引用,因为该对象不会保留指针,这似乎比shared_ptr的额外副本更有效。

是的,您应该(几乎)始终shared_ptr作为引用传递给const,这会产生巨大的差异。在具有线程的平台上复制shared_ptr意味着至少有一条原子指令(CAS,原子增量或类似的东西),而这些指令可能相当昂贵。 (当然,销毁副本也同样昂贵)

我能想到的唯一例外是函数是否会复制shared_ptr。在这种情况下,您可以按值取值并使用swap()“复制”它,或者提供rvalue-reference重载。 (如果函数总是复制shared_ptr,则rvalue-reference重载将是首选解决方案。)

当然,如果函数价格昂贵,它并没有太大的区别,但是如果它是一个非常便宜的函数,可能会被内联并在一个thight循环中被调用,那么差异可能相当明显。