我有几个样板功能,我想用一个模板代替。它们大致如下:
std::vector<double> generate_means(
std::mt19937& g, unsigned int N,
double lower = -1.0, double upper = 1.0
) {
std::uniform_real_distribution<double> dist(lower, upper);
std::function<double()> rng = std::bind(dist, g);
std::vector<double> res(N);
std::generate(std::begin(res), std::end(res), gen);
return res;
}
需要抽象的元素为返回类型(仅包含类型,始终为vector
即可)N
之后的参数(例如lower
和upper
)和分布(例如std::uniform_real_distribution
)。
我想大致写些什么:
auto generate_means = generate_template<
double, // results vector<double>
std::uniform_real_distribution, // uses uniform distro
double=-1.0,double=1.0 // with default args
>
auto generate_norm_deviates = generate_template<
double, // still provides vector<double>
std::normal_distribution, // different distro
double=0, double=1.0 // different defaults
>
auto generate_category_ids = generate_template<
unsigned int,
std::uniform_int_distribution,
unsigned int=0, unsigned int // again with two args, but only one default
>
我有一些小件
template <class NUMERIC>
using generator = std::function<NUMERIC()>;
template <class NUMERIC>
std::vector<NUMERIC> series(unsigned int length, generator<NUMERIC> gen) {
std::vector<NUMERIC> res(length);
std::generate(std::begin(res), std::end(res), gen);
return res;
};
但是当我尝试像这样组装时
template <class NUMERIC, class DIST, class...Args>
std::vector<NUMERIC> generator_template(
std::mt19937& g, unsigned int N,
Args... args
) {
DIST<NUMERIC> dist(&args...);
generator<NUMERIC> gen = std::bind(dist, g);
return series(N, gen);
}
我遇到编译错误(在这种情况下为error: expected unqualified-id
)。我想要的大约可以实现吗?这种方法是朝正确的方向发展吗,还是我需要做一些根本不同的事情?如果方向正确,我会错过什么?
编辑:
对于应用程序约束:我希望能够使用默认的参数声明生成器,但是我确实需要偶尔使用没有默认值的生成器。没有默认值只是不便,但这并不是致命的。示例:
//... assorted calculations...
auto xmeans = generate_means(rng, 100); // x on (-1,1);
auto ymeans = generate_means(rng, 100); // y on (-1,1);
auto zmeans = generate_means(rng, 100, 0, 1); // z on (0,1);
答案 0 :(得分:2)
不可能使用浮点数作为模板参数。 但是,您可以执行以下操作:
#include <random>
#include <limits>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
template<typename T, template<typename> typename Distribution>
auto generate_random_template(T min = std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest(),
T max = std::numeric_limits<T>::max()) {
return [distribution = Distribution<double>{min, max}]
(auto &&generator, std::size_t number) mutable {
std::vector<T> result;
result.reserve(number);
auto generate = [&](){return distribution(generator);};
std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(result), number, generate);
return result;
};
}
int main() {
auto generate_means = generate_random_template<double, std::uniform_real_distribution>(0.0, 1.0);
std::mt19937 g;
std::vector<double> randoms = generate_means(g, 10);
for(auto r : randoms) std::cout << r << std::endl;
return 0;
}
编辑:出于性能原因,请使用generate_n
代替generate
EDIT2:如果您想像使用x,y和z一样使用默认参数,则还可以执行以下操作:
#include <random>
#include <limits>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
template<typename T, template<typename> typename Distribution>
auto generate_random_template(T min = std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest(),
T max = std::numeric_limits<T>::max()) {
return [distribution = Distribution<double>{min, max}, min, max]
(auto &&generator, std::size_t number, auto ...args) mutable {
std::vector<T> result;
result.reserve(number);
if constexpr(sizeof...(args) > 0)
distribution.param(typename Distribution<T>::param_type(args...));
else
distribution.param(typename Distribution<T>::param_type(min, max));
auto generate = [&](){return distribution(generator);};
std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(result), number, generate);
return result;
};
}
int main() {
auto generate_means = generate_random_template<double, std::uniform_real_distribution>(-1.0, 1.0);
std::mt19937 g;
// x and y are between -1 and 1
std::vector<double> x = generate_means(g, 10);
std::vector<double> y = generate_means(g, 10);
std::vector<double> z = generate_means(g, 10, 0.0, 1.0); // z is between 0 and 1
for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
std::cout << x[i] << "," << y[i] << "," << z[i] << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
答案 1 :(得分:0)
感谢各式各样的评论者,现在可以正常工作了(将其添加到来自Q的工作区时):
template <class NUMERIC, template<class> class DIST, class ... Args>
std::vector<NUMERIC> generator_template(
std::mt19937& g, unsigned int N,
Args &&... args
) {
DIST<NUMERIC> dist(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
generator<NUMERIC> gen = std::bind(dist, g);
return series(N, gen);
};
auto generate_test = generator_template<double, std::uniform_real_distribution, double, double>;
但是,很高兴看到其他答案-仍在尝试一般地理解C ++模板语法,并且希望使用可以让我设置默认参数的版本。
答案 2 :(得分:0)
我很想接受一个构造的分发对象。
template <typename Dist, typename URBG>
std::vector<typename Dist::value_type> generate(Dist&& dist, URBG&& gen, std::size_t N)
{
std::vector<typename Dist::value_type> res(N);
std::generate(res.begin(), res.end(), std::bind(std::forward<Dist>(dist), std::forward<URBG>(gen)));
return res;
}