当用→表示时,是否在含义之前或之后使用量词?
例如语句“每个人都爱国王”(两种不同的语义解释)
2018-11-26T15:14:32.438+0600 E STORAGE [initandlisten] WiredTiger error (13) [1543223672:438144][32673:0x7fee423e3a40], wiredtiger_open: __posix_open_file, 715: /var/lib/mongodb/WiredTiger.turtle: handle-open: open: Permission denied Raw: [1543223672:438144][32673:0x7fee423e3a40], wiredtiger_open: __posix_open_file, 715: /var/lib/mongodb/WiredTiger.turtle: handle-open: open: Permission denied
2018-11-26T15:14:32.438+0600 E STORAGE [initandlisten] WiredTiger error (13) [1543223672:438429][32673:0x7fee423e3a40], wiredtiger_open: __posix_open_file, 715: /var/lib/mongodb/WiredTiger.turtle: handle-open: open: Permission denied Raw: [1543223672:438429][32673:0x7fee423e3a40], wiredtiger_open: __posix_open_file, 715: /var/lib/mongodb/WiredTiger.turtle: handle-open: open: Permission denied
2018-11-26T15:14:32.438+0600 E STORAGE [initandlisten] WiredTiger error (13) [1543223672:438594][32673:0x7fee423e3a40], wiredtiger_open: __posix_open_file, 715: /var/lib/mongodb/WiredTiger.turtle: handle-open: open: Permission denied Raw: [1543223672:438594][32673:0x7fee423e3a40], wiredtiger_open: __posix_open_file, 715: /var/lib/mongodb/WiredTiger.turtle: handle-open: open: Permission denied
2018-11-26T15:14:32.438+0600 W STORAGE [initandlisten] Failed to start up WiredTiger under any compatibility version.
2018-11-26T15:14:32.438+0600 F STORAGE [initandlisten] Reason: 13: Permission denied
2018-11-26T15:14:32.438+0600 F - [initandlisten] Fatal Assertion 28595 at src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_kv_engine.cpp 646
2018-11-26T15:14:32.438+0600 F - [initandlisten]
***aborting after fassert() failure
∀x IsMan(x) → ∃y (IsKing(y) ∧ Loves(x,y))
对于#1,将其写为∃y, ∀x (IsKing(y) ∧ IsMan(x)) → Loves(x,y)
是否正确?
对于#2,∀x, ∃y, (IsMan(x) ∧ IsKing(y)) → Loves(x,y)
呢?
答案 0 :(得分:0)
是的,量词的顺序决定着公式的可满足性/有效性。
一种确定的方法是知道(A → B)
与(not A or B)
是相同的,并且(not (∀x x))
与(∃x (not x))
是相同的。
因此,当您拥有(∃x, ∀y x → y)
时,它与(∀x ∃y ((not x) or y))
相同。
与(∃x, x → ∀y y)
不同的地方是((∀x (not x) or (∀y y))
。