从通用关联函数返回对值的引用的适当方法是什么?

时间:2018-10-03 23:10:56

标签: iterator rust lifetime

想象一下一个小地图,其中存储了3个值,前两个是已知键。我想为此地图实现一个迭代器,但遇到了生命周期问题。从通用关联函数(下例中的K::zero())返回对值的引用的合适方法是什么? 仅供参考,我拥有特质,所以我尝试将其更改为新的RFC195关联的const,但无济于事。

我将问题归结为以下代码:

extern crate num;

use num::*;

pub struct TinyMap<K: Num, V> {
    v0: Option<V>, // value for K::zero()
    v1: Option<V>, // value for K::one()
    k2: K,         // arbitrary K
    v2: Option<V>, // value for k2
}

pub struct Iter<'a, K: 'a + Num, V: 'a> {
    k0: K,
    v0: &'a Option<V>,
    v1: &'a Option<V>,
    k2: &'a K,
    v2: &'a Option<V>,
}

impl<K: Num, V> TinyMap<K, V> {
    pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<K, V> {
        Iter {
            k0: K::zero(),
            v0: &self.v0,
            v1: &self.v1,
            k2: &self.k2,
            v2: &self.v2,
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, K: 'a + Num, V: 'a> Iterator for Iter<'a, K, V> {
    type Item = (&'a K, &'a V);

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<(&'a K, &'a V)> {
        if (*self.v0).is_some() {
            // code removed that remembers we did this once.
            return Some((&self.k0, ((*self.v0).as_ref()).unwrap()));
        }
        // if (*self.v1).is_some() {
        //     code removed that remembers we did this once.
        //     return Some((&K::one(), &((*self.v1).unwrap())));
        // }
        None
    }
}
error[E0495]: cannot infer an appropriate lifetime for borrow expression due to conflicting requirements
  --> src/lib.rs:38:26
   |
38 |             return Some((&self.k0, ((*self.v0).as_ref()).unwrap()));
   |                          ^^^^^^^^
   |
note: first, the lifetime cannot outlive the anonymous lifetime #1 defined on the method body at 35:5...
  --> src/lib.rs:35:5
   |
35 | /     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<(&'a K, &'a V)> {
36 | |         if (*self.v0).is_some() {
37 | |             // code removed that remembers we did this once.
38 | |             return Some((&self.k0, ((*self.v0).as_ref()).unwrap()));
...  |
44 | |         None
45 | |     }
   | |_____^
note: ...so that reference does not outlive borrowed content
  --> src/lib.rs:38:26
   |
38 |             return Some((&self.k0, ((*self.v0).as_ref()).unwrap()));
   |                          ^^^^^^^^
note: but, the lifetime must be valid for the lifetime 'a as defined on the impl at 32:6...
  --> src/lib.rs:32:6
   |
32 | impl<'a, K: 'a + Num, V: 'a> Iterator for Iter<'a, K, V> {
   |      ^^
   = note: ...so that the expression is assignable:
           expected std::option::Option<(&'a K, &'a V)>
              found std::option::Option<(&K, &V)>

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

使用opencv特征是不可能的,因为自引用的寿命(在代码中已经消失了,但是可以像这样显式地编写):

Iterator

由于type Item = (&'a K, &'a V); fn next<'s>(&'s mut self) -> Self::Item; 不会出现在函数的返回值中(并且也不会出现在函数的返回值中,因为's不能使用函数的类型参数),因此不允许输出保存对迭代器的任何成员变量的引用。

这是错误的机制,现在是为什么部分:

考虑一个函数,该函数确实包含对self成员的引用,并且所有生命周期均已正确设置:

Self::Item

与您尝试返回struct SomeMember; struct SomeObject { some_member: SomeMember, } impl SomeObject { fn some_function<'s>(&'s mut self) -> &'s SomeMember { &self.some_member } } 的方式相同,但是没有发生其他任何事情,并且固定了生存期,以便可以使用。但是,如果我尝试这样做:

&self.k
fn main() {
    let mut some_object = SomeObject{some_member: SomeMember};
    let _item_1 = some_object.some_function();
    let _item_2 = some_object.some_function();
}

不允许第二次呼叫,因为它两次借用error[E0499]: cannot borrow `some_object` as mutable more than once at a time --> src/main.rs:15:23 | 14 | let _item_1 = some_object.some_function(); | ----------- first mutable borrow occurs here 15 | let _item_2 = some_object.some_function(); | ^^^^^^^^^^^ second mutable borrow occurs here 16 | } | - first borrow ends here ,可变地是经典的Rust no-no!但是,如果我尝试用借来了迭代器本身的Item类型实现迭代器,那么some_object是不可能的,因为它试图一次拉出多个项!

因此,不,迭代器无法返回借用其内容的项目。这是迭代器特征合同的明确而有意的一部分。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

共识似乎是,从此时(Rust 1.29)开始,唯一明智的方法是将var animals = ['ant', 'bison', 'camel', 'duck', 'elephant']; console.log(animals.slice(2)); // expected output: Array ["camel", "duck", "elephant"] console.log(animals.slice(2, 4)); // expected output: Array ["camel", "duck"] console.log(animals.slice(1, 5)); // expected output: Array ["bison", "camel", "duck", "elephant"]放在K::zero()内。感谢@SvenMarnach确认我的怀疑。