如何在Python中内插2D曲线

时间:2018-08-25 05:04:44

标签: python scipy interpolation

我有一组x / y坐标,它是一条曲线/形状,我希望使曲线/尖锐化并绘制图形。

我尝试了不同的插值来平滑曲线/形状,但是仍然不能满足我的期望。使用点绘制平滑的曲线/形状。

类似于以下内容,使用x,y点获得平滑的圆/曲线 enter image description here enter image description here

但是,我得到类似

circle.jpg enter image description here

curve.jpg enter image description here

square.jpg enter image description here

在样条插值和rbf插值方面也遇到麻烦。

对于三次样条插值,我得到了

  

ValueError:输入数据错误

对于univariate_spline_interpolated,我得到了

  

ValueError:x必须严格增加

对于rbf,我知道

  

numpy.linalg.linalg.LinAlgError:矩阵是奇数。

我有办法修复它们并获得正确的锐利度和弯曲度。非常感谢您的帮助。

修改 对于那些无法下载源代码和x,y坐标文件的人,我发布了相关代码和x,y坐标。

以下是我的代码:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from std_lib import *

import os
import numpy as np
import cv2

from scipy import interpolate
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

CUR_DIR = os.getcwd()
CIRCLE_FILE = "circle.txt"
CURVE_FILE  = "curve.txt"
SQUARE_FILE = "square.txt"

#test
CIRCLE_NAME = "circle"
CURVE_NAME  = "curve"
SQUARE_NAME = "square"

SYS_TOKEN_CNT = 2   # x, y

total_pt_cnt = 0        # total no. of points      
x_arr = np.array([])    # x position set
y_arr = np.array([])    # y position set

def convert_coord_to_array(file_path):
    global total_pt_cnt
    global x_arr
    global y_arr

    if file_path == "":
        return FALSE

    with open(file_path) as f:
        content = f.readlines()

    content = [x.strip() for x in content] 

    total_pt_cnt = len(content)

    if (total_pt_cnt <= 0):
        return FALSE

    ##
    x_arr = np.empty((0, total_pt_cnt))
    y_arr = np.empty((0, total_pt_cnt))

    #compare the first and last x 
    # if ((content[0][0]) > (content[-1])):
        # is_reverse = TRUE

    for x in content:
        token_cnt = get_token_cnt(x, ',') 

        if (token_cnt != SYS_TOKEN_CNT):
            return FALSE

        for idx in range(token_cnt):
            token_string = get_token_string(x, ',', idx)
            token_string = token_string.strip()
            if (not token_string.isdigit()): 
                return FALSE

            # save x, y set
            if (idx == 0):
                x_arr = np.append(x_arr, int(token_string))
            else:
                y_arr = np.append(y_arr, int(token_string))

    return TRUE

def linear_interpolation(fig, axs):
    xnew = np.linspace(x_arr.min(), x_arr.max(), len(x_arr))
    f = interpolate.interp1d(xnew , y_arr)

    axs.plot(xnew, f(xnew))
    axs.set_title('linear')

def cubic_interpolation(fig, axs):
    xnew = np.linspace(x_arr.min(), x_arr.max(), len(x_arr))
    f = interpolate.interp1d(xnew , y_arr, kind='cubic')

    axs.plot(xnew, f(xnew))
    axs.set_title('cubic')

def cubic_spline_interpolation(fig, axs):
    xnew = np.linspace(x_arr.min(), x_arr.max(), len(x_arr))
    tck = interpolate.splrep(x_arr, y_arr, s=0) #always fail (ValueError: Error on input data)
    ynew = interpolate.splev(xnew, tck, der=0)

    axs.plot(xnew, ynew)
    axs.set_title('cubic spline')

def parametric_spline_interpolation(fig, axs):
    xnew = np.linspace(x_arr.min(), x_arr.max(), len(x_arr))
    tck, u = interpolate.splprep([x_arr, y_arr], s=0)
    out = interpolate.splev(xnew, tck)

    axs.plot(out[0], out[1])
    axs.set_title('parametric spline')

def univariate_spline_interpolated(fig, axs):   
    s = interpolate.InterpolatedUnivariateSpline(x_arr, y_arr)# ValueError: x must be strictly increasing
    xnew = np.linspace(x_arr.min(), x_arr.max(), len(x_arr))
    ynew = s(xnew)

    axs.plot(xnew, ynew)
    axs.set_title('univariate spline')

def rbf(fig, axs):
    xnew = np.linspace(x_arr.min(), x_arr.max(), len(x_arr))
    rbf = interpolate.Rbf(x_arr, y_arr) # numpy.linalg.linalg.LinAlgError: Matrix is singular.
    fi = rbf(xnew)

    axs.plot(xnew, fi)
    axs.set_title('rbf')

def interpolation():
    fig, axs = plt.subplots(nrows=4)
    axs[0].plot(x_arr, y_arr, 'r-')
    axs[0].set_title('org')

    cubic_interpolation(fig, axs[1])
    # cubic_spline_interpolation(fig, axs[2]) 
    parametric_spline_interpolation(fig, axs[2])
    # univariate_spline_interpolated(fig, axs[3])
    # rbf(fig, axs[3])        
    linear_interpolation(fig, axs[3])

    plt.show()

#------- main -------
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # np.seterr(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore')

    file_name = CUR_DIR + "/" + CIRCLE_FILE 
    convert_coord_to_array(file_name)  
    #file_name = CUR_DIR + "/" + CURVE_FILE 
    #convert_coord_to_array(file_name) 
    #file_name = CUR_DIR + "/" + SQUARE_FILE 
    #convert_coord_to_array(file_name) 
    #
    interpolation()

画出x,y圆

307, 91
308, 90
339, 90
340, 91
348, 91
349, 92
351, 92
352, 93
357, 93
358, 94
361, 94
362, 95
364, 95
365, 96
369, 96
370, 97
374, 97
375, 98
376, 98
377, 99
379, 99
380, 100
382, 100
383, 101
386, 101
387, 102
389, 102
390, 103
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393, 104
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395, 105
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449, 191
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374, 351
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365, 356
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363, 357
362, 357
359, 360
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357, 361
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353, 362
353, 363
352, 364
348, 364
347, 365
314, 365
313, 364
297, 364
296, 363
284, 363
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264, 358
262, 358
261, 357
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258, 355
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256, 354
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252, 351
251, 351
246, 346
245, 346
237, 338
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235, 335
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231, 332
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222, 321
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217, 315
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213, 310
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210, 306
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204, 299
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203, 296
199, 292
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187, 276
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185, 273
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192, 149
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203, 137
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231, 121
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234, 119
237, 116
239, 116
240, 115
241, 115
242, 114
244, 114
245, 113
246, 113
247, 112
250, 112
251, 111
252, 111
253, 110
256, 110
257, 109
258, 109
259, 108
262, 108
263, 107
266, 107
267, 106
269, 106
272, 103
274, 103
275, 102
276, 102
277, 101
278, 101
279, 100
281, 100
282, 99
283, 99
284, 98
286, 98
287, 97
288, 97
289, 96
290, 96
291, 95
293, 95
295, 93
298, 93
299, 92
302, 92
303, 91

已解决 enter image description here

def linear_interpolateion(self, x, y):

        points = np.array([x, y]).T  # a (nbre_points x nbre_dim) array

        # Linear length along the line:
        distance = np.cumsum( np.sqrt(np.sum( np.diff(points, axis=0)**2, axis=1 )) )
        distance = np.insert(distance, 0, 0)

        alpha = np.linspace(distance.min(), int(distance.max()), len(x))
        interpolator =  interpolate.interp1d(distance, points, kind='slinear', axis=0)
        interpolated_points = interpolator(alpha)

        out_x = interpolated_points.T[0]
        out_y = interpolated_points.T[1]

        return out_x, out_y

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

因为通用2d曲线需要插值,即(x, y)=f(s),其中s是沿曲线的坐标,而不是y = f(x)是沿2d曲线的距离第s行必须首先计算。然后,相对于s执行每个坐标的内插。 (例如,在圆形情况下,y = f(x)有两个解决方案)

s(或此处的代码中的distance)被计算为给定点之间每个段的长度的累积和。

import numpy as np
from scipy.interpolate import interp1d
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Define some points:
points = np.array([[0, 1, 8, 2, 2],
                   [1, 0, 6, 7, 2]]).T  # a (nbre_points x nbre_dim) array

# Linear length along the line:
distance = np.cumsum( np.sqrt(np.sum( np.diff(points, axis=0)**2, axis=1 )) )
distance = np.insert(distance, 0, 0)/distance[-1]

# Interpolation for different methods:
interpolations_methods = ['slinear', 'quadratic', 'cubic']
alpha = np.linspace(0, 1, 75)

interpolated_points = {}
for method in interpolations_methods:
    interpolator =  interp1d(distance, points, kind=method, axis=0)
    interpolated_points[method] = interpolator(alpha)

# Graph:
plt.figure(figsize=(7,7))
for method_name, curve in interpolated_points.items():
    plt.plot(*curve.T, '-', label=method_name);

plt.plot(*points.T, 'ok', label='original points');
plt.axis('equal'); plt.legend(); plt.xlabel('x'); plt.ylabel('y');

给出:

interpolation example

关于图形,似乎您正在寻找一种平滑方法而不是点的插值。这是一种类似的方法,用于在给定曲线的每个坐标上分别拟合样条线(请参见Scipy UnivariateSpline

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from scipy.interpolate import UnivariateSpline

# Define some points:
theta = np.linspace(-3, 2, 40)
points = np.vstack( (np.cos(theta), np.sin(theta)) ).T

# add some noise:
points = points + 0.05*np.random.randn(*points.shape)

# Linear length along the line:
distance = np.cumsum( np.sqrt(np.sum( np.diff(points, axis=0)**2, axis=1 )) )
distance = np.insert(distance, 0, 0)/distance[-1]

# Build a list of the spline function, one for each dimension:
splines = [UnivariateSpline(distance, coords, k=3, s=.2) for coords in points.T]

# Computed the spline for the asked distances:
alpha = np.linspace(0, 1, 75)
points_fitted = np.vstack( spl(alpha) for spl in splines ).T

# Graph:
plt.plot(*points.T, 'ok', label='original points');
plt.plot(*points_fitted.T, '-r', label='fitted spline k=3, s=.2');
plt.axis('equal'); plt.legend(); plt.xlabel('x'); plt.ylabel('y');

给出:

spline fitting example