我对Python来说还很陌生，并且在我前进的过程中仍在弄清问题。我有一个程序，在编写过程中我一直在不断完善，在调试过程中遇到了问题，我似乎无法自行解决，所以我想看看是否有人建议。当我运行menu()函数并选择'a'来调用函数thankyou()时（注意：我离开了其他函数，它们不会抛出错误，但我只是回叫到menu()函数，因为它会变成一个更长，更繁琐的代码，具有如此多的代码）；当我打电话给thankyou()时，我输入一个新名称或现有名称，然后到达设置要索取捐款金额的地步（它也可以接受'Q'或'q'返回menu()），如果我输入'q'并返回菜单，然后返回到thankyou()功能并选择第一个输入的名称时间（无论是新创建的还是已存在于预组装词典中），一旦回到捐赠请求部分并输入数字条目，就会收到以下错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/FILEPATH.py", line 305, in <module>
menu() # Program starts here
File "C:/FILEPATH.py", line 64, in menu
switch_function.get(usr_sel)() # get user entry from dict
File "C:/FILEPATH.py", line 113, in thankyou
list(donor_dict.values())[get_index][1]) # current amt/ var from dict{[val]}
IndexError: list index out of range
我试图了解此处发生的情况，以便找出解决方法。是否有人对导致这种情况的发生以及如何解决这一问题有任何想法？谢谢。 代码：
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '')
today = time.strftime("%m/%d/%Y")
spacing = '- ' * 56 # formatting for DONOR header
donor_dict = {'Columns': ['NAMES', 'DONATION AMOUNT', 'NUMBER OF GIFTS', 'AVG. GIFTS'],
'Rudolph Soares': ['Rudolph Soares', 1335, 3, 445], # Donor info
'Josef Mistretta': ['Josef Mistretta', 7500, 4, 1875],
'Joye Agostini': ['Joye Agostini', 600, 2, 300],
'Rachelle Levan': ['Rachelle Levan', 12100, 5, 2420],
'Vena Ussery': ['Vena Ussery', 4000, 8, 500],
'Efrain Lager': ['Efrain Lager', 795, 9, 88.34],
'Mee Heine': ['Mee Heine', 4600, 4, 1150],
'Tanya Essex': ['Tanya Essex', 75000, 2, 37500]}
# ------------------------------------------------- PROCESSING --------------------------------------------------------
def menu():
"""Display menu of options to toggle between to perform separate actions"""
header = "-" * 110 # formatting for header
title = ' ' * 48 + "MAIL ROOM MENU" # title display
directions = "Select one of the three options:" # directions to user for menu
optA = "[A] Send a Thank you" # option(s) for menu
optB = "[B] Create a Report"
optC = "[C] Create Letters for All Donors"
optD = "[D] Quit"
whole_menu_header = header + '\n' + title + '\n' + header # header strung together as one uni
while True:
print(whole_menu_header) # display header
print(directions.center(110, ' '), '\n') # center directions with header display
print(optA + optB.center(37, ' ') + optC.center(36, ' ') + optD.center(25, ' ') + '\n')
switch_function = {
'A': thankyou, # dictionary holding menu options
'B': createreport,
'C': writeletters,
'D': quit_program,
}
try:
usr_sel = (input("Menu Selection: ")).upper() # user input for menu
switch_function.get(usr_sel)() # get user entry from dict
except KeyError:
print("Invalid Entry! Only enter A, B, C, or D.") # display error on any other entry
continue # continue back to start of menu
def thankyou():
"""Function enables user to add to dictionary data (adding new donors and donation amounts as well as
number of donations and average donations for new keys, and also updates existing keys."""
print("Leaving menu...\n")
while True:
print("Enter the name of the person you are writing to (or enter 'list' to see a list of names or Q to quit) ")
fname_prompt = input("First Name: ").strip().capitalize() # first name variable (strip any spaces)
if fname_prompt.upper() == "Q": # if Q, then quit to menu()
menu()
elif fname_prompt.lower() == "list":
displaylist()
else:
lname_prompt = input("Last Name: ").strip().capitalize() # last name variable
if lname_prompt.upper() == "Q": # if Q, back to menu
menu()
elif lname_prompt.lower() == "list": # if list, then list display
displaylist()
else:
key = fname_prompt + " " + lname_prompt
if key in donor_dict.keys():
existing_donor = input(
"That value is already in the list! Do you want to proceed with that selection? (Y/N): ")
if existing_donor.upper() == "Y": # if user proceeds, print display
donation_amt_str = input("Enter in the donation amount from Donor {0}: $".format(key))
if donation_amt_str.lower() == 'q':
menu()
try:
donation_amt = int(donation_amt_str)
except ValueError:
print("Error: invalid entry.\n")
else:
print(
'{0} has donated ${1:,.2f}'.format(key, donation_amt)) # display name and donation amt
int(donation_amt)
get_index = 0 # index variable
for item in range(0, len(donor_dict)): # set index var to current name
if list(donor_dict.values())[item][0] == key:
get_index = item
break
firstname = list(donor_dict.values())[get_index][0].split(' ', ).pop(
0) # separate first name, create variable
current_donations = int(
list(donor_dict.values())[get_index][1]) # current amt/ var from dict{[val]}
sum_donations = current_donations + donation_amt # sum of all donations (current + new)
list(donor_dict.values())[get_index][1] = float(sum_donations) # update sum
num_donations = int(list(donor_dict.values())[get_index][2]) + 1 # num donations = self + 1
list(donor_dict.values())[get_index][2] = num_donations # update num of donations
list(donor_dict.values())[get_index][3] = averagedonations(sum_donations,
num_donations) # update avg
email_display = str(
input("Display Donor Email? (Y/N or Q): ")) # ask user if they want to to
if email_display.upper() == "Y": # write email with name/amount
print(spacing)
print('Dear {0}, \n\nThank you for your continued support through your \
contribution of ${1:,.2f} towards our Foundation\'s fundraising goal.\n\nBest wishes,\n\
Foundation Board of Directors\n'.format(firstname, sum_donations))
print(spacing)
elif email_display.upper() == 'Q':
menu()
else:
continue
else:
add_name = str(input("That name is not in the Donor list. Do you want to add it to the list? (Y/N) "))
if add_name.upper() == "Y": # if input response == "Y", proceed
pair = {key: [key]}
donor_dict.update(pair)
displaylist()
num_donations = 1 # add new item to new name index
donation_amt_str = input("Enter in the donation amount from Donor {0}: $".format(key))
if donation_amt_str.lower() == 'q':
menu()
try:
donation_amt = int(donation_amt_str)
except ValueError:
print("Error: Invalid entry.\n")
else:
print('{0} has donated ${1:,.2f}'.format(key, donation_amt))
get_index = 0 # counter, start at 0
for item in range(0, int(len(list(donor_dict.values())))): # for items in donor_dict
if list(donor_dict.values())[item][0] == key: # if item at[0] == full_name
get_index = item # set index to item
break
# noinspection PyTypeChecker
list(donor_dict.values())[get_index].append(
donation_amt) # append donation amount to end of current lst [don_idx]
# noinspection PyTypeChecker
list(donor_dict.values())[get_index].append(num_donations) # append donation count to end
avg = averagedonations(donation_amt, num_donations)
list(donor_dict.values())[get_index].append(avg) # append average to end of current index
firstname = list(donor_dict.values())[get_index][0].split(' ', ).pop(
0) # separate first name, create variable
email_display = str(input("Display Donor Email? (Y/N): ")) # ask user if they want to
if email_display.upper() == "Y": # print email message
print(spacing) # if Y, then print
print('Dear {0}, \n\nThank you for your continued support through your \
contribution of ${1:,.2f} towards our Foundation\'s fundraising goal.\n\nBest wishes,\n\
Foundation Board of Directors\n'.format(firstname, donation_amt))
print(spacing)
elif email_display.upper() == 'Q':
menu()
else:
continue
def createreport():
"""Function creates organized report of donor information based on current dictionary contents.
Information is sorted in descending order based on total donation amounts."""
print("Leaving menu...")
while True: # continual loop unless user terminates
proceed = str(input("Generate Donor report? (Y/N): ")) # solicit user response to proceed
if proceed.upper() == "Y": # if user indicates yes
input("Generating Donor report... [Press Enter]") # on Enter press, proceed
new_list = list(donor_dict.values())[1:] # blank list to hold only values after headers
new_list.sort(key=lambda sort_on: sort_on[1], reverse=True) # sort list based on donation totals
lst_heading = list(donor_dict.values())[0:1] # container for only header
final_lst = lst_heading + new_list # join sorted list back with header
print(spacing)
print('{:>15s}'.format(str(final_lst[0][0])), end='') # format header for display
print(' |{:>20s}'.format(str(final_lst[0][1])), end='')
print(' |{:>19s}'.format(str(final_lst[0][2])), end='')
print(' |{:>15s}'.format(str(final_lst[0][3])))
print(spacing)
for i in range(1, int(len(final_lst))): # format list contents
print('{:>20s}'.format(str(final_lst[i][0])), end='')
print(' ${:>10,.2f}{:>17}'.format(float(final_lst[i][1]), int(final_lst[i][2])), end='')
print(' ${:>10,.2f}'.format(float(final_lst[i][3])))
else:
back_to_menu = str(input("Do you want to quit back to the main menu? (Y/N): ")) # escape sequence
if back_to_menu.upper() == "Y":
input("Quitting... [Press Enter]")
menu()
else:
continue # if no esc, then continue loop
def writeletters():
"""Function writes donor letter to file in user-directed file path"""
print("Leaving menu...")
names_list = [] # empty list to hold list of donor_dict names w/o whitespace (for filenames)
first_names = [] # first names separated out to be used for letters
default = os.getcwd() # get and assign current directory to variable
default = default + "\\" # format default so that it will be accepted (will work with Windows)
while True:
msg = input("Proceed to write letters to all donors in donor list? (Y/N) ") # if user selects Y, proceed
if msg.upper() == "Y": # check input
try:
working_directory = str(input('\nEnter the file path where you want to write the letters - '
'don\'t forget to use ''two \n\'\\\\\' as file separators to make sure'
' it is compatible if using Windows - (e.g. \'C:\\\\\': '))
except Exception as e: # exception handler - prints line of error, and type
print('Error on line {}'.format(sys.exc_info()[-1].tb_lineno), type(e).__name__, e)
# working directory variable assignment by user - if blank, use default
if working_directory == "": # check for input on working_directory
working_directory = default
for x in range(int(len(donor_dict))): # for items in the span of donor_dict
firstname = list(donor_dict.values())[x][0] # firstname = donor_dict at index[item], column[0]
firstname = firstname.split(' ', ).pop(0) # format var to split on whitespace (only first name)
first_names.append(firstname) # append this value to empty list first_names
for i in range(int(len(list(donor_dict.values())))): # for items in the span of donor_dict
elem = list(donor_dict.values())[i][0] # elem = donor_dict at index[i], column[0]
elem = elem.replace(" ", "") # format name w/o whitespace
names_list.append(elem) # append to name_list
for names in range(1, int(len(names_list))): # omit header (range 0), for each name in names_list[]
try:
with open(working_directory + str(names_list[names]) + '.txt',
'a') as filename: # create files/file-names
filename.write(today) # write current date (mm/dd/yy)
filename.write('\n\nDear {0}, \n\nThank you for your continued support through your contribution '
'of {1} towards our Foundation\'s fundraising goal.\n\nBest wishes,\n'
'Foundation Board of Directors'
'\n'.format(str(first_names[names]),
locale.currency(list(donor_dict.values())[names][1], grouping=True)))
except Exception as e: # exception handler - prints line of error, and type
print('Error on line {}'.format(sys.exc_info()[-1].tb_lineno), type(e).__name__, e)
# print letter message (first name and donation amount)
print("Files being written to " + working_directory + "...")
print("Done!") # message to user advising where files are going, and when it is done
elif msg.upper() == "N": # if user selected "N" for msg = input()
input("Exiting back to menu [Press ENTER]") # message to user, leaving this function
break # break out of while-loop - back to menu()
else:
print("That's an unrecognized value! Only Y or N are accepted.")
continue # invalid input, warning message: back to beginning of function
def quit_program():
"""Function quits all processes"""
input("Exiting Program...[Press ENTER]") # I use PyCharm and exit() w/o import worked fine but
from sys import exit # iPython was not running exit() without importing it from sys
exit() # so to avoid issues, I just kept this here
def displaylist():
"""Function returns current dictionary contents (names only)"""
cut_off = int(len(list(donor_dict.values())) / 2) # where list breaks for next line
if int(len(list(donor_dict.values()))) - 1 % 2 != 0: # even/odd check
for i in range(0, int(len(list(donor_dict.values())) - int(len(list(donor_dict.values())) - 2) / 2)):
if i == 0: # header check
print(spacing)
print('{:>44s}'.format(str(list(donor_dict.values())[i][0]))) # print Donor Name header
print(spacing)
elif cut_off + i >= len(list(donor_dict.values())): # if cut_off + i exceeds len(list)
print('{:>30s}'.format(list(donor_dict.values())[i][0])) # only print i (not cut_off + i)
continue
else:
print('{:>30s}'.format(list(donor_dict.values())[i][0]),
'{:>35s}'.format(list(donor_dict.values())[cut_off + i][0]))
else:
for i in range(0, int(len(list(donor_dict.values())) / 2)):
if i == 0: # header check
print(spacing)
print('{:>44s}'.format(str(list(donor_dict.values())[i][0]))) # print Donor Name header
print(spacing)
else:
print('{:>30s}'.format(list(donor_dict.values())[i][0]),
'{:>35s}'.format(list(donor_dict.values())[cut_off + i][0]))
print()
def averagedonations(donations, num):
"""Returns average of donor's gifts"""
sumgifts = donations
numgifts = num
average_donation = sumgifts / numgifts
return average_donation
# -------------------------------------------------- DISPLAY ----------------------------------------------------------
menu() # Program starts here
答案 0 :(得分：2)
此错误实际上仅在您输入新的捐赠者名称时发生。当用户输入新的捐赠者名称然后按q中止捐赠时，您已经仅用pair = {key: [key]}初始化了新的捐赠者条目，而实际上每个条目都将在列表中包含4个项目，而不仅仅是这个人的名字。
因此，当用户下次输入相同的名称并继续输入捐赠金额时，您在current_donations = int((donor_dict.values())[get_index][1])处的代码找不到该捐赠者列表中的第二项，这应该是捐赠者的金额。目前的捐款。
要解决此问题，只需将pair = {key: [key]}更改为pair = {key: [key, 0, 0, 0]}即可正确初始化新条目的列表。