Question

我有一个典型的问题，几何数据类型为mysql，polygon。

我有纬度和经度数组形式的多边形数据，例如：

[["x":37.628134,  "y":-77.458334],
["x":37.629867,   "y":-77.449021],
["x":37.62324,    "y":-77.445416],
["x":37.622424,   "y":-77.457819]]

我有一个坐标为纬度和经度的点（顶点），例如：

$location = new vertex($_GET["longitude"], $_GET["latitude"]);

现在我想找到这个顶点（点）是否在多边形内。我怎么能在PHP中做到这一点？

Answer 1

这是我从另一种语言转换为PHP的函数：

$vertices_x = array(37.628134, 37.629867, 37.62324, 37.622424);    // x-coordinates of the vertices of the polygon
$vertices_y = array(-77.458334,-77.449021,-77.445416,-77.457819); // y-coordinates of the vertices of the polygon
$points_polygon = count($vertices_x) - 1;  // number vertices - zero-based array
$longitude_x = $_GET["longitude"];  // x-coordinate of the point to test
$latitude_y = $_GET["latitude"];    // y-coordinate of the point to test

if (is_in_polygon($points_polygon, $vertices_x, $vertices_y, $longitude_x, $latitude_y)){
  echo "Is in polygon!";
}
else echo "Is not in polygon";


function is_in_polygon($points_polygon, $vertices_x, $vertices_y, $longitude_x, $latitude_y)
{
  $i = $j = $c = 0;
  for ($i = 0, $j = $points_polygon ; $i < $points_polygon; $j = $i++) {
    if ( (($vertices_y[$i]  >  $latitude_y != ($vertices_y[$j] > $latitude_y)) &&
     ($longitude_x < ($vertices_x[$j] - $vertices_x[$i]) * ($latitude_y - $vertices_y[$i]) / ($vertices_y[$j] - $vertices_y[$i]) + $vertices_x[$i]) ) )
       $c = !$c;
  }
  return $c;
}

其他对于更多功能，我建议您使用polygon.php类available here。使用顶点创建类，并使用测试点作为输入调用函数isInside以使另一个函数解决您的问题。

Answer 2

上面流行的答案包含错别字。在其他地方，此代码已被清理。更正后的代码如下：

<?php
/**
  From: http://www.daniweb.com/web-development/php/threads/366489
  Also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_in_polygon
*/
$vertices_x = array(37.628134, 37.629867, 37.62324, 37.622424); // x-coordinates of the vertices of the polygon
$vertices_y = array(-77.458334,-77.449021,-77.445416,-77.457819); // y-coordinates of the vertices of the polygon
$points_polygon = count($vertices_x); // number vertices
$longitude_x = $_GET["longitude"]; // x-coordinate of the point to test
$latitude_y = $_GET["latitude"]; // y-coordinate of the point to test
//// For testing.  This point lies inside the test polygon.
// $longitude_x = 37.62850;
// $latitude_y = -77.4499;

if (is_in_polygon($points_polygon, $vertices_x, $vertices_y, $longitude_x, $latitude_y)){
  echo "Is in polygon!";
}
else echo "Is not in polygon";


function is_in_polygon($points_polygon, $vertices_x, $vertices_y, $longitude_x, $latitude_y)
{
  $i = $j = $c = 0;
  for ($i = 0, $j = $points_polygon-1 ; $i < $points_polygon; $j = $i++) {
    if ( (($vertices_y[$i] > $latitude_y != ($vertices_y[$j] > $latitude_y)) &&
    ($longitude_x < ($vertices_x[$j] - $vertices_x[$i]) * ($latitude_y - $vertices_y[$i]) / ($vertices_y[$j] - $vertices_y[$i]) + $vertices_x[$i]) ) ) 
        $c = !$c;
  }
  return $c;
}
?>

Answer 3

这是一种可能的算法。

使用您感兴趣的中心定义一个新的坐标系。
在新坐标系中，将所有多边形顶点转换为极坐标。
遍历多边形，跟踪角度的净变化Δθ。始终对每个角度变化使用尽可能小的值。
如果，一旦遍历了多边形，您的总Δθ为0，那么您就在多边形之外。另一方面，如果它是±2π，那么你就在里面。
如果，偶然Δθ>2π或Δθ<-2π，这意味着你有一个多边形可以使自身翻倍。

编写代码留作练习。：）

Answer 4

如果你的多边形是自动关闭的，也就是说它的最后一个顶点是它的最后一个点和它的第一个点之间的线，那么你需要在你的循环中添加一个变量和一个条件来处理最终的顶点。您还需要将顶点数传递给等于点数。

以下是为处理自动关闭多边形而修改的接受答案：

$vertices_x = array(37.628134, 37.629867, 37.62324, 37.622424);    // x-coordinates of the vertices of the polygon
$vertices_y = array(-77.458334,-77.449021,-77.445416,-77.457819); // y-coordinates of the vertices of the polygon
$points_polygon = count($vertices_x);  // number vertices = number of points in a self-closing polygon
$longitude_x = $_GET["longitude"];  // x-coordinate of the point to test
$latitude_y = $_GET["latitude"];    // y-coordinate of the point to test

if (is_in_polygon($points_polygon, $vertices_x, $vertices_y, $longitude_x, $latitude_y)){
  echo "Is in polygon!";
}
else echo "Is not in polygon";


function is_in_polygon($points_polygon, $vertices_x, $vertices_y, $longitude_x, $latitude_y)
{
  $i = $j = $c = $point = 0;
  for ($i = 0, $j = $points_polygon ; $i < $points_polygon; $j = $i++) {
    $point = $i;
    if( $point == $points_polygon )
      $point = 0;
    if ( (($vertices_y[$point]  >  $latitude_y != ($vertices_y[$j] > $latitude_y)) &&
     ($longitude_x < ($vertices_x[$j] - $vertices_x[$point]) * ($latitude_y - $vertices_y[$point]) / ($vertices_y[$j] - $vertices_y[$point]) + $vertices_x[$point]) ) )
       $c = !$c;
  }
  return $c;
}

谢谢！我找到了这个页面，它被接受的答案非常有用，我很自豪地提供这种变化。

Answer 5

更新了代码，因此我将更易于使用Google地图：它接受像这样的数组：

Array
(
    [0] => stdClass Object
        (
            [lat] => 43.685927
            [lng] => -79.745829
        )

    [1] => stdClass Object
        (
            [lat] => 43.686004
            [lng] => -79.745954
        )

    [2] => stdClass Object
        (
            [lat] => 43.686429
            [lng] => -79.746642
        )

因此，使用Google地图会更容易：

function is_in_polygon2($longitude_x, $latitude_y,$polygon)
{
  $i = $j = $c = 0;
  $points_polygon = count($polygon)-1;
  for ($i = 0, $j = $points_polygon ; $i < $points_polygon; $j = $i++) {
    if ( (($polygon[$i]->lat  >  $latitude_y != ($polygon[$j]->lat > $latitude_y)) &&
     ($longitude_x < ($polygon[$j]->lng - $polygon[$i]->lng) * ($latitude_y - $polygon[$i]->lat) / ($polygon[$j]->lat - $polygon[$i]->lat) + $polygon[$i]->lng) ) )
       $c = !$c;
  }
  return $c;
}

Answer 6

我将泰国多边形放入MySQL。并将接受的答案功能与MySQL 8中的内置功能进行了比较。

CREATE TABLE `polygons` ( `id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `polygon` POLYGON NOT NULL, `country` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), SPATIAL INDEX `polygon` (`polygon`) ) COLLATE='utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci' ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=652 ; INSERT INTO `polygons` (`country`, `polygon`) VALUES ('Thailand', ST_GEOMFROMTEXT('POLYGON((102.1728516 6.1842462,101.6894531 5.7253114,101.1401367 5.6815837,101.1181641 6.2497765,100.1074219 6.4899833,96.3281250 6.4244835,96.1083984 9.8822755,98.7670898 10.1419317,99.5800781 11.8243415,98.2177734 15.1569737,98.9868164 16.3201395,97.4267578 18.4587681,98.1079102 19.7253422,99.0087891 19.7460242,100.2612305 20.2828087,100.4809570 19.4769502,101.2060547 19.4147924,100.8544922 17.4135461,102.0849609 17.9996316,102.8320313 17.7696122,103.3593750 18.3545255,104.7875977 17.4554726,104.6337891 16.4676947,105.5126953 15.6018749,105.2270508 14.3069695,102.9858398 14.2643831,102.3486328 13.5819209,103.0297852 11.0059045,103.6669922 8.5592939,102.1728516 6.1842462))'));

这里是点上方的多边形-红色为第一，蓝色-最后：

我使用https://www.gpsvisualizer.com/draw/在地图上的Thai Polygon的内部和外部绘制了一些点，并使屏幕可视化了所有点。

我将点作为PHP函数的坐标+使用查询将结果与MySQL函数进行了比较

SELECT TRUE FROM `polygons` WHERE `polygons`.`country` = 'Thailand' AND ST_CONTAINS(`polygons`.`polygon`, POINT($long, $lat));

结果：

MySQL总是给我关于所有问题的正确答案。

PHP函数有错误答案
- 白色点在PHP / MySQL中的结果相同，并且是正确答案。

我试图更改多边形，但是php函数总是在那些点上犯错误，这意味着某个地方有我找不到的错误。

更新1

找到了解决方案assemblysys.com/php-point-in-polygon-algorithm-该算法与MySQL算法相同！

更新2

PHP速度与MySQL的比较（我认为PHP应该更快），但没有。比较了47k点。

18-06-2020 21:34:45 - PHP Speed Check Start
18-06-2020 21:34:51 - FIN! PHP Check. NOT = 41085 / IN = 5512
18-06-2020 21:34:51 - MYSQL Speed Check Start
18-06-2020 21:34:58 - FIN! MYSQL Check. NOT = 41085 / IN = 5512

Answer 7

上述解决方案无法按我预期的方式工作，您可以选择使用以下解决方案，而不是使用上述解决方案

使用PHP

function pointInPolygon($point, $polygon, $pointOnVertex = true) {
    $this->pointOnVertex = $pointOnVertex;

    // Transform string coordinates into arrays with x and y values
    $point = $this->pointStringToCoordinates($point);
    $vertices = array(); 
    foreach ($polygon as $vertex) {
        $vertices[] = $this->pointStringToCoordinates($vertex); 
    }

    // Check if the lat lng sits exactly on a vertex
    if ($this->pointOnVertex == true and $this->pointOnVertex($point, $vertices) == true) {
        return "vertex";
    }

    // Check if the lat lng is inside the polygon or on the boundary
    $intersections = 0; 
    $vertices_count = count($vertices);

    for ($i=1; $i < $vertices_count; $i++) {
        $vertex1 = $vertices[$i-1]; 
        $vertex2 = $vertices[$i];
        if ($vertex1['y'] == $vertex2['y'] and $vertex1['y'] == $point['y'] and $point['x'] > min($vertex1['x'], $vertex2['x']) and $point['x'] < max($vertex1['x'], $vertex2['x'])) { // Check if point is on an horizontal polygon boundary
            return "boundary";
        }
        if ($point['y'] > min($vertex1['y'], $vertex2['y']) and $point['y'] <= max($vertex1['y'], $vertex2['y']) and $point['x'] <= max($vertex1['x'], $vertex2['x']) and $vertex1['y'] != $vertex2['y']) { 
            $xinters = ($point['y'] - $vertex1['y']) * ($vertex2['x'] - $vertex1['x']) / ($vertex2['y'] - $vertex1['y']) + $vertex1['x']; 
            if ($xinters == $point['x']) { // Check if lat lng is on the polygon boundary (other than horizontal)
                return "boundary";
            }
            if ($vertex1['x'] == $vertex2['x'] || $point['x'] <= $xinters) {
                $intersections++; 
            }
        } 
    } 
    // If the number of edges we passed through is odd, then it's in the polygon. 
    if ($intersections % 2 != 0) {
        return "inside";
    } else {
        return "outside";
    }
}

function pointOnVertex($point, $vertices) {
  foreach($vertices as $vertex) {
      if ($point == $vertex) {
          return true;
      }
  }

}

function pointStringToCoordinates($pointString) {
    $coordinates = explode(" ", $pointString);
    return array("x" => $coordinates[0], "y" => $coordinates[1]);
}
// Function to check lat lng
function check(){
    $points = array("22.367582 70.711816", "21.43567582 72.5811816","22.367582117085913 70.71181669186944","22.275334996986643 70.88614147123701","22.36934302329968 70.77627818998701"); // Array of latlng which you want to find
    $polygon = array(
        "22.367582117085913 70.71181669186944",
        "22.225161442616514 70.65582486840117",
        "22.20736264867434 70.83229276390898",
        "22.18701840565626 70.9867880031668",
        "22.22452581029355 71.0918447658621",
        "22.382709129816103 70.98884793969023",
        "22.40112042636022 70.94078275414336",
        "22.411912121843205 70.7849142238699",
        "22.367582117085913 70.71181669186944"
    );
    // The last lat lng must be the same as the first one's, to "close the loop"
    foreach($points as $key => $point) {
        echo "(Lat Lng) " . ($key+1) . " ($point): " . $this->pointInPolygon($point, $polygon) . "<br>";
    }
}

使用MySql

CREATE TABLE `TestPoly` (
   `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
   `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
   `pol` polygon NOT NULL
 )

SET @g = 'POLYGON((22.367582117085913 70.71181669186944, 22.225161442616514 70.65582486840117, 22.20736264867434 70.83229276390898, 22.18701840565626 70.9867880031668, 22.22452581029355 71.0918447658621, 22.382709129816103 70.98884793969023, 22.40112042636022 70.94078275414336, 22.411912121843205 70.7849142238699, 22.367582117085913 70.71181669186944))';
INSERT INTO TestPoly (pol) VALUES (ST_GeomFromText(@g))

set @p = GeomFromText('POINT(22.4053386588057 70.86240663480157)');
select * FROM TestPoly where ST_Contains(pol, @p);

Answer 8

我已经在php codeigniter中创建了代码，在我的控制器中，我创建了如下两个函数

public function checkLatLng(){
    $vertices_y = array(22.774,22.174,22.466,22.666,22.966,22.321);    // x-coordinates of the vertices of the polygon (LATITUDES)
    $vertices_x = array(70.190,70.090,77.118,77.618,77.418,77.757); // y-coordinates of the vertices of the polygon (LONGITUDES)
    $points_polygon = count($vertices_x)-1; 
    $longitude_x = $this->input->get("longitude");  // Your Longitude
    $latitude_y = $this->input->get("latitude");    // Your Latitude
    if ($this->is_in_polygon($points_polygon, $vertices_x, $vertices_y, $longitude_x, $latitude_y)){
        echo "Is in polygon!";
    }
    else
        echo "Is not in polygon";
}

另一个用于检查lat-lng的功能在下面

public function is_in_polygon($points_polygon, $vertices_x, $vertices_y, $longitude_x, $latitude_y){
    $i = $j = $c = $point = 0;
    for ($i = 0, $j = $points_polygon ; $i < $points_polygon; $j = $i++) {
        $point = $i;
        if( $point == $points_polygon )
            $point = 0;
        if ( (($vertices_y[$point]  >  $latitude_y != ($vertices_y[$j] > $latitude_y)) && ($longitude_x < ($vertices_x[$j] - $vertices_x[$point]) * ($latitude_y - $vertices_y[$point]) / ($vertices_y[$j] - $vertices_y[$point]) + $vertices_x[$point]) ) )
            $c = !$c;
    }
    return $c;
}

出于测试目的，我通过了以下内容

latitude = 22.808059

经度= 77.522014

我的多边形

更新1

更新2

在多边形PHP中查找点

8 个答案: