我正在尝试使用SharedPreferences中保存的值来初始化我的应用中的几个变量。在Flutter中,SharedPreferences是异步的,因此它会导致变量稍后在代码中初始化,这会导致我的应用程序出现问题,因为在调用构建方法时,某些变量为null。
这是我用来演示此问题的小型测试Flutter应用程序:
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/cupertino.dart';
import 'package:path_provider/path_provider.dart';
import 'dart:io';
import 'dart:convert';
import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';
class TestingApp extends StatefulWidget {
TestingApp() {}
@override
State<StatefulWidget> createState() {
// TODO: implement createState
return new _CupertinoNavigationState();
}
}
class _CupertinoNavigationState extends State<TestingApp> {
int itemNo;
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
// SharedPreferences.getInstance().then((sp) {
// sp.setInt("itemNo", 3);
// });
SharedPreferences.getInstance().then((sp) {
print("sp " + sp.getInt("itemNo").toString());
setState(() {
itemNo = sp.getInt("itemNo");
});
});
print("This is the item number " + itemNo.toString());
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// TODO: implement build
print("item number on build " + itemNo.toString());
return new Text("Hello");
}
}
这是控制台中的结果:
Performing full restart...
flutter: This is the item number null
flutter: item number on build null // build method being called and variable is null
Restarted app in 1 993ms.
flutter: sp 3
flutter: item number on build 3
您可以看到,当我尝试在启动时从SharedPreferences获取变量时,由于SharedPreference是异步的,因此itemNo为null。然后应用程序运行构建方法并在itemNo = null上运行构建方法,这会导致应用程序崩溃。
从SharedPreferences获取值后,我调用setState,然后再使用正确的值再次调用build方法。但是,使用itemNo = null进行构建的初始调用不应该发生。
我希望SharedPreferences有一个synch方法,但它似乎不存在。如何运行应用程序以便在启动时在Flutter中正确初始化变量?
我尝试通过使用同步方法通过写入json文件初始化我的变量来解决这个问题,然后使用以下简短的Flutter测试应用程序从中读取 - 对我来说,这似乎是过度的,因为保存变量以初始化但我还是试了一下:
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/cupertino.dart';
import 'package:path_provider/path_provider.dart';
import 'dart:io';
import 'dart:convert';
import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';
class TestingApp extends StatefulWidget {
TestingApp() {}
@override
State<StatefulWidget> createState() {
// TODO: implement createState
return new _CupertinoNavigationState();
}
}
class _CupertinoNavigationState extends State<TestingApp> {
int itemNo;
File jsonFile;
String fileName = "items.json";
Directory dir;
bool fileExists = false;
void createFile(Map content, Directory dir, String fileName) {
// print("Creating file for category " + dir.path);
File file = new File(dir.path + "/" + fileName);
file.createSync();
fileExists = true;
file.writeAsStringSync(json.encode(content));
}
void writeToFile(int itemNo) {
// print("Writing to category file");
Map itemMap = new Map();
itemMap['item'] = itemNo;
if (fileExists) {
print("category file exists");
Map jsonFileContent = json.decode(jsonFile.readAsStringSync());
jsonFileContent.addAll(itemMap);
jsonFile.writeAsStringSync(json.encode(itemMap));
} else {
print("category File does not exists");
getApplicationDocumentsDirectory().then((Directory directory) {
dir = directory;
createFile(itemMap, dir, fileName);
});
}
}
fetchSavedItemNo() {
//load the currency from the saved json file.
getApplicationDocumentsDirectory().then((Directory directory) {
dir = directory;
jsonFile = new File(dir.path+ "/" + fileName);
fileExists = jsonFile.existsSync();
setState(() {
if (fileExists)
itemNo = json.decode(jsonFile.readAsStringSync())['item'];
print("fetching saved itemNo " +itemNo.toString());
if (itemNo == null) {
itemNo = 0;
}
});
return itemNo;
//else the itemNo will just be 0
});
}
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
writeToFile(3);
setState(() {
itemNo = fetchSavedItemNo();
});
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// TODO: implement build
print("item number on build " + itemNo.toString());
return new Text("Hello");
}
}
我仍然有结果在变量完全初始化之前调用构建方法,导致应用程序崩溃。
Performing full restart...
flutter: category File does not exists
flutter: item number on build null // the build method is called here
Restarted app in 1 894ms.
flutter: fetching saved itemNo 3
flutter: item number on build 3
如何在应用启动时初始化Flutter中的变量?
答案 0 :(得分:6)
正如Günter Zöchbacher正确指出的那样,FutureBuilder
是要走的路。在你的情况下,它看起来像这样:
import 'dart:async'; // you will need to add this import in order to use Future's
Future<int> fetchSavedItemNo() async { // you need to return a Future to the FutureBuilder
dir = wait getApplicationDocumentsDirectory();
jsonFile = new File(dir.path+ "/" + fileName);
fileExists = jsonFile.existsSync();
// you should also not set state because the FutureBuilder will take care of that
if (fileExists)
itemNo = json.decode(jsonFile.readAsStringSync())['item'];
itemNo ??= 0; // this is a great null-aware operator, which assigns 0 if itemNo is null
return itemNo;
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return FutureBuilder<int>(
future: fetchSavedItemNo(),
builder: (BuildContext context, AsyncSnapshot<int> snapshot) {
if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.done) {
print('itemNo in FutureBuilder: ${snapshot.data}';
return Text('Hello');
} else
return Text('Loading...');
},
);
}
我还相应更改了fetchSavedItemNo
功能以返回Future
。
较短的写作方式:
if (itemNo != null)
itemNo = 0;
以下是使用null-aware operator:
itemNo ??= 0;
正如您在我的代码中所看到的,我用Text
包围了您的FutureBuilder
小部件。在Flutter中,您可以使用Widget
来解决大多数问题。我还介绍了一个“正在加载...” Text
,它可以取代“Hello” Text
而itemNo
1}}仍然被加载。
没有“黑客”可以消除加载时间并让您在启动时访问itemNo
。你要么这样做,惯用,要么延迟你的启动时间。
每次加载东西时都需要使用占位符来加载,因为它不是即时可用的。
顺便说一下,您也可以删除“正在加载...” Text
并始终返回“Hello” text因为你永远不会看到 “正在加载......” Text
,你的情况太快了。
另一种选择是逃避ConnectionState
,如果没有数据则只返回Container
:
FutureBuilder<int>(
future: fetchSavedItemNo,
builder: (BuildContext context, AsyncSnapshot<int> snapshot) => snapshot.hasData
? Text(
'Hello, itemNo: ${snapshot.data}',
)
: Container(),
)
您可以使用我的initState
功能在fetchSavedItemNo
中执行您的API逻辑,方法是initState
async:
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
fetchSavedItemNo(); // continue your work in the `fetchSavedItemNo` function
}