我正在尝试使用Coq中的le
关系定义偏序A≤B≤C,并证明它是可判定的:forall x y, {le x y} + {~le x y}
。
我通过等效的布尔函数leb
成功完成了它,但找不到直接证明它的方法(或le_antisym
对于那个母版)。我遇到了以下情况:
1 subgoal
H : le C A
______________________________________(1/1)
False
le C A
是错误的前提?le
吗?Require Import Setoid.
Ltac inv H := inversion H; clear H; subst.
Inductive t : Set := A | B | C.
Ltac destruct_ts :=
repeat match goal with
| [ x : t |- _ ] => destruct x
end.
Inductive le : t -> t -> Prop :=
| le_refl : forall x, le x x
| le_trans : forall x y z, le x y -> le y z -> le x z
| le_A_B : le A B
| le_B_C : le B C .
Definition leb (x y : t) : bool :=
match x, y with
| A, _ => true
| _, C => true
| B, B => true
| _, _ => false
end.
Theorem le_iff_leb : forall x y,
le x y <-> leb x y = true.
Proof.
intros x y. split; intro H.
- induction H; destruct_ts; simpl in *; congruence.
- destruct_ts; eauto using le; simpl in *; congruence.
Qed.
Theorem le_antisym : forall x y,
le x y -> le y x -> x = y.
Proof.
intros x y H1 H2.
rewrite le_iff_leb in *. (* How to prove that without using [leb]? *)
destruct x, y; simpl in *; congruence.
Qed.
Theorem le_dec : forall x y, { le x y } + { ~le x y }.
intros x y.
destruct x, y; eauto using le.
- apply right.
intros H. (* Stuck here *)
inv H.
rewrite le_iff_leb in *.
destruct y; simpl in *; congruence.
- apply right.
intros H; inv H. (* Same thing *)
rewrite le_iff_leb in *.
destruct y; simpl in *; congruence.
- apply right.
intros H; inv H. (* Same thing *)
rewrite le_iff_leb in *.
destruct y; simpl in *; congruence.
Qed.
答案 0 :(得分:4)
le
的问题是传递性构造函数:当对le x y
的证明进行反演或归纳时,我们对传递性案例中产生的中间点一无所知,这通常会导致证明尝试失败。您可以通过关系的替代(但仍然是归纳)表征来证明您的结果:
Require Import Setoid.
Ltac inv H := inversion H; clear H; subst.
Inductive t : Set := A | B | C.
Inductive le : t -> t -> Prop :=
| le_refl : forall x, le x x
| le_trans : forall x y z, le x y -> le y z -> le x z
| le_A_B : le A B
| le_B_C : le B C .
Inductive le' : t -> t -> Prop :=
| le'_refl : forall x, le' x x
| le'_A_B : le' A B
| le'_B_C : le' B C
| le'_A_C : le' A C.
Lemma le_le' x y : le x y <-> le' x y.
Proof.
split.
- intros H.
induction H as [x|x y z xy IHxy yz IHyz| | ]; try now constructor.
inv IHxy; inv IHyz; constructor.
- intros H; inv H; eauto using le.
Qed.
Theorem le_antisym : forall x y,
le x y -> le y x -> x = y.
Proof.
intros x y.
rewrite 2!le_le'.
intros []; trivial; intros H; inv H.
Qed.
Theorem le_dec : forall x y, { le x y } + { ~le x y }.
intros x y.
destruct x, y; eauto using le; right; rewrite le_le';
intros H; inv H.
Qed.
然而,在这种情况下,我认为使用le
的归纳特征并不是一个好主意,因为布尔版本更有用。当然,在某些情况下,您希望关联的两个特征:例如,有时您希望对类型的相等性进行布尔测试,但是希望使用=
进行重写。 ssreflect proof language使这种风格变得容易。例如,这是您的第一次证明尝试的另一个版本。 (reflect P b
谓词意味着命题P
等同于断言b = true
。)
From mathcomp Require Import ssreflect ssrfun ssrbool.
Inductive t : Set := A | B | C.
Inductive le : t -> t -> Prop :=
| le_refl : forall x, le x x
| le_trans : forall x y z, le x y -> le y z -> le x z
| le_A_B : le A B
| le_B_C : le B C .
Definition leb (x y : t) : bool :=
match x, y with
| A, _ => true
| _, C => true
| B, B => true
| _, _ => false
end.
Theorem leP x y : reflect (le x y) (leb x y).
Proof.
apply/(iffP idP); first by case: x; case y=> //=; eauto using le.
by elim=> [[]| | |] //= [] [] [].
Qed.
Theorem le_antisym x y : le x y -> le y x -> x = y.
Proof. by case: x; case: y; move=> /leP ? /leP ?. Qed.
Theorem le_dec : forall x y, { le x y } + { ~le x y }.
Proof. by move=> x y; case: (leP x y); eauto. Qed.
答案 1 :(得分:2)
我也会选择亚瑟的解决方案。但让我演示另一种方法。
首先,我们需要一些支持性的引理:
Lemma not_leXA x : x <> A -> ~ le x A.
Proof. remember A; intros; induction 1; subst; firstorder congruence. Qed.
Lemma not_leCX x : x <> C -> ~ le C x.
Proof. remember C; intros; induction 1; subst; firstorder congruence. Qed.
现在我们可以定义le_dec
:
Definition le_dec x y : { le x y } + { ~le x y }.
Proof.
destruct x, y; try (left; abstract constructor).
- left; abstract (eapply le_trans; constructor).
- right; abstract now apply not_leXA.
- right; abstract now apply not_leCX.
- right; abstract now apply not_leCX.
Defined.
请注意,我使用Defined
代替Qed
- 现在您可以使用le_dec
进行计算,这通常是使用sumbool
类型的点。
我还使用abstract
来隐藏评估者的证据条款。例如。我们假设我定义了一个与le_dec'
相同的le_dec
函数,但删除了所有abstract
,那么在尝试计算le_dec B A
/ {时,我们会得到以下结果{1}}:
le_dec' B A
和
Compute le_dec B A.
(* ==> right le_dec_subproof5 *)
答案 2 :(得分:1)
请注意,您可以使用Relations
中的定义来定义订单关系。例如,它包含名为clos_refl_trans
的自反和传递闭包的定义。结果证明类似于基于您的定义的证明(参见@Anton's的答案)。
Require Import Relations.
Inductive t : Set := A | B | C.
Inductive le : t -> t -> Prop :=
| le_A_B : le A B
| le_B_C : le B C.
Definition le' := clos_refl_trans _ le.
Lemma A_minimal : forall x, x <> A -> ~ le' x A.
Proof.
intros. intros contra. remember A as a. induction contra; subst.
- inversion H0.
- contradiction.
- destruct y; apply IHcontra2 + apply IHcontra1; congruence.
Qed.
Lemma C_maximal : forall x, x <> C -> ~ le' C x.
Proof.
intros. intros contra. remember C as c. induction contra; subst.
- inversion H0.
- contradiction.
- destruct y; apply IHcontra2 + apply IHcontra1; congruence.
Qed.
Lemma le'_antisym : forall x y,
le' x y -> le' y x -> x = y.
Proof.
intros. induction H.
- destruct H.
+ apply A_minimal in H0; try discriminate. contradiction.
+ apply C_maximal in H0; try discriminate. contradiction.
- reflexivity.
- fold le' in *. rewrite IHclos_refl_trans1 by (eapply rt_trans; eassumption).
apply IHclos_refl_trans2; (eapply rt_trans; eassumption).
Qed.