RuntimeError：LaTeX无法处理以下字符串：r＆＃39; lb＆＃39;

时间：2017-03-02 03:25:19

标签： python matplotlib

这里有类似的问题，但似乎都没有捕获所有这些问题。如果我在Windows上使用Jupyter Notebook或Anaconda Python在matplotlib网站上复制并粘贴demo code：

"""
Demo of TeX rendering.

You can use TeX to render all of your matplotlib text if the rc
parameter text.usetex is set.  This works currently on the agg and ps
backends, and requires that you have tex and the other dependencies
described at http://matplotlib.org/users/usetex.html
properly installed on your system.  The first time you run a script
you will see a lot of output from tex and associated tools.  The next
time, the run may be silent, as a lot of the information is cached in
~/.tex.cache

"""
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


# Example data
t = np.arange(0.0, 1.0 + 0.01, 0.01)
s = np.cos(4 * np.pi * t) + 2

plt.rc('text', usetex=True)
plt.rc('font', family='serif')
plt.plot(t, s)

plt.xlabel(r'\textbf{time} (s)')
plt.ylabel(r'\textit{voltage} (mV)',fontsize=16)
plt.title(r"\TeX\ is Number "
          r"$\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{-e^{i\pi}}{2^n}$!",
          fontsize=16, color='gray')
# Make room for the ridiculously large title.
plt.subplots_adjust(top=0.8)

plt.savefig('tex_demo')
plt.show()

我收到以下错误（注意：运行Python 3.x或2.7x时类似的问题）。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "demo.py", line 34, in <module>
    plt.savefig('tex_demo')
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 688, in savefig
    res = fig.savefig(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 1565, in savefig
    self.canvas.print_figure(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 2232, in print_figure
    **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 527, in print_png
    FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 474, in draw
    self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 61, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 1159, in draw
    func(*args)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 61, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py", line 2324, in draw
    a.draw(renderer)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 61, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.py", line 1108, in draw
    renderer)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.py", line 1058, in _get_tick_bboxes
    extent = tick.label1.get_window_extent(renderer)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.py", line 961, in get_window_extent
    bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(self._renderer)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.py", line 352, in _get_layout
    ismath=False)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 229, in get_text_width_height_descent
    renderer=self)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.py", line 675, in get_text_width_height_descent
    dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.py", line 422, in make_dvi
    report))
RuntimeError: LaTeX was not able to process the following string:
b'lp'
Here is the full report generated by LaTeX:

这发生在运行在Windows或Linux上的iPython笔记本上。但是，当我使用：

在bash shell中运行它时
  

python3 demo.py

我在stderr输出中得到了这个小宝石：

  

sh：1：乳胶：未找到

此错误未出现在Windows shell或PowerShell中，仅出现在GNU / Linux bash shell中。似乎安装pylatex或其他Python乳胶工具实际上不会安装LaTeX本身，并且可能导致您没有收到错误，告诉您它没有安装。希望这会对其他人有所帮助。

一旦我安装了LaTex（在Ubuntu上使用sudo apt install latex），我重新演示了这个：

  

python3 demo.py

现在我明白了：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "demo.py", line 34, in <module>
    plt.savefig('tex_demo')
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 688, in savefig
    res = fig.savefig(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 1565, in savefig
    self.canvas.print_figure(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 2232, in print_figure
    **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 527, in print_png
    FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 474, in draw
    self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 61, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 1159, in draw
    func(*args)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 61, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py", line 2324, in draw
    a.draw(renderer)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 61, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.py", line 1108, in draw
    renderer)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.py", line 1058, in _get_tick_bboxes
    extent = tick.label1.get_window_extent(renderer)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.py", line 961, in get_window_extent
    bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(self._renderer)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.py", line 352, in _get_layout
    ismath=False)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 229, in get_text_width_height_descent
    renderer=self)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.py", line 675, in get_text_width_height_descent
    dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.py", line 422, in make_dvi
    report))
RuntimeError: LaTeX was not able to process the following string:
b'lp'
Here is the full report generated by LaTeX: 

This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.16 (TeX Live 2015/Debian) (preloaded format=latex)
 restricted \write18 enabled.
entering extended mode
(./710670ddfec8e192b546b57b05284e6c.tex
LaTeX2e <2016/02/01>
Babel <3.9q> and hyphenation patterns for 3 language(s) loaded.
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
Document Class: article 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo))

! LaTeX Error: File `type1cm.sty' not found.

Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed,
or enter new name. (Default extension: sty)

Enter file name: 
! Emergency stop.
<read *> 

l.3 \renewcommand
                 {\rmdefault}{pnc}^^M
No pages of output.
Transcript written on 710670ddfec8e192b546b57b05284e6c.log.

这似乎可以将问题减少到与Python: Unable to Render Tex in Matplotlib相同并运行sudo apt install dvipng texlive-latex-extra texlive-fonts-recommended（同样在Ubuntu上，但在Mac上安装extras软件包应具有类似效果）。

不幸的是，我还没有弄清楚如何在Windows下解决这个问题（尤其是Windows下的Jupyter Notebook），而且由于我有很多使用Windows的学生，所以我们非常感谢您的帮助。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：0)

在Windows中手动下载并安装所需的库：Ghostscript和MiKTeX。 dvipng将在MiKTeX安装文件夹的bin文件夹中提供。验证它们是否在您的Windows PATH上并在使用Python之前独立工作。

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