我最近看的是Homebrew源代码。由于它是一种流行的工具，因此代码可能相对干净。我注意到他们使用#:评论样式（例如：update.sh）。我还没有在其他任何地方看到过（而且很难找到符号，所以我找不到它的任何提及）。这是一个公认的惯例吗？它有特殊意义吗？
答案 0 :(得分：1)
它看起来是某种联机帮助页面的文档片段：它以标准的手册页样式编写，并记录下面的脚本。这在Library/Homebrew/cmd/vendor-install.sh中更为明显，其中可以找到使用@hide_from_man_page标记的类似评论：
#: @hide_from_man_page #: * `vendor-install` [<target>]: #: Install vendor version of Homebrew dependencies.
因此，据推测，所有未经注释的片段都包含在联机帮助页中。
你选择了一个不幸的例子，因为update被认为是一个＆＃34;必要的命令＆＃34;因此记录在联机帮助页的单独部分中。我们选择一个非必要的命令，例如style，您可以在Library/Homebrew/cmd/style.rb中找到它：
#: * `style` [`--fix`] [`--display-cop-names`] [<formulae>|<files>]: #: Check formulae or files for conformance to Homebrew style guidelines. #: #: <formulae> is a list of formula names. #: #: <files> is a list of file names. #: #: <formulae> and <files> may not be combined. If both are omitted, style will run #: style checks on the whole Homebrew `Library`, including core code and all #: formulae. #: #: If `--fix` is passed and `HOMEBREW_DEVELOPER` is set, style violations #: will be automatically fixed using RuboCop's `--auto-correct` feature. #: #: If `--display-cop-names` is passed, the RuboCop cop name for each violation #: is included in the output. #: #: Exits with a non-zero status if any style violations are found.
现在，当您查看Library/Homebrew/manpages/brew.1.md.erb时，您会发现它们是确实联机帮助页片段，这些片段会自动包含在主brew.1联机帮助页中：
# To make changes to this man page: # # - For changes to a specific command (appears in the `COMMANDS` section): # - Edit the top comment in `Library/Homebrew/cmd/<command>.{rb,sh}`. # - Make sure to use the line prefix `#:` for the comments to be recognized as # documentation. If in doubt, compare with already documented commands. # - For other changes: Edit this file. # # When done, regenerate the man page and its HTML version by running `brew man`.
here's the line where they get included into the manpage：
<%= commands.join("\n") %>
您可以在share/man/man1/brew.1中看到生成的输出：
.TP \fBstyle\fR [\fB\-\-fix\fR] [\fB\-\-display\-cop\-names\fR] [\fIformulae\fR|\fIfiles\fR] Check formulae or files for conformance to Homebrew style guidelines\. . .IP \fIformulae\fR is a list of formula names\. . .IP \fIfiles\fR is a list of file names\. . .IP \fIformulae\fR and \fIfiles\fR may not be combined\. If both are omitted, style will run style checks on the whole Homebrew \fBLibrary\fR, including core code and all formulae\. . .IP If \fB\-\-fix\fR is passed and \fBHOMEBREW_DEVELOPER\fR is set, style violations will be automatically fixed using RuboCop\'s \fB\-\-auto\-correct\fR feature\. . .IP If \fB\-\-display\-cop\-names\fR is passed, the RuboCop cop name for each violation is included in the output\. . .IP Exits with a non\-zero status if any style violations are found\. .
和share/doc/homebrew/brew.1.html：
<dt><code>style</code> [<code>--fix</code>] [<code>--display-cop-names</code>] [<var>formulae</var>|<var>files</var>]</dt><dd><p>Check formulae or files for conformance to Homebrew style guidelines.</p> <p><var>formulae</var> is a list of formula names.</p> <p><var>files</var> is a list of file names.</p> <p><var>formulae</var> and <var>files</var> may not be combined. If both are omitted, style will run style checks on the whole Homebrew <code>Library</code>, including core code and all formulae.</p> <p>If <code>--fix</code> is passed and <code>HOMEBREW_DEVELOPER</code> is set, style violations will be automatically fixed using RuboCop's <code>--auto-correct</code> feature.</p> <p>If <code>--display-cop-names</code> is passed, the RuboCop cop name for each violation is included in the output.</p>
我不知道这是否是shell脚本中公认的惯例，但类似的约定用于各种语言和/或文档工具，例如： JavaDoc（/**），Doxygen（/**，/*!，///，//!），JsDoc（/**）或C♯（{ {1}}）。