我试图编写一个允许我在两个值之间轻松插值的类。
class Interpolation
{
class func interpolate<T>(from: T, to: T, progress: CGFloat) -> T
{
// Safety
assert(progress >= 0 && progress <= 1, "Invalid progress value: \(progress)")
if let a = from as? CGFloat, let b = to as? CGFloat
{
}
if let a = from as? CGPoint, let b = to as? CGPoint
{
}
if let from = from as? CGRect, let to = to as? CGRect
{
var returnRect = CGRect()
returnRect.origin.x = from.origin.x + (to.origin.x-from.origin.x) * progress
returnRect.origin.y = from.origin.y + (to.origin.y-from.origin.y) * progress
returnRect.size.width = from.size.width + (to.size.width-from.size.width) * progress
returnRect.size.height = from.size.height + (to.size.height-from.size.height) * progress
return returnRect // Cannot convert return expression of type 'CGRect' to return type 'T'
}
return from
}
}
不幸的是,它在return returnRect
处给我一个错误:无法转换类型&#39; CGRect&#39;的返回表达式返回类型&#39; T&#39;。也许我不理解泛型的使用方式......我只想要一个函数来处理各种类型之间的插值,而不是像func interpolate(from: Int, to: Int)
,func interpolate(from: CGPoint, to: CGPoint)
这样的函数,等
答案 0 :(得分:2)
如果您使用Protocol
来扩展通用类型,那就太棒了。
protocol Interpolate {
associatedtype T
static func interpolate(from: T, to: T, progress: CGFloat) -> T
}
然后让CGRect
扩展符合您的协议:
extension CGRect: Interpolate {
typealias T = CGRect
static func interpolate(from: T, to: T, progress: CGFloat) -> CGRect.T {
var returnRect = CGRect()
returnRect.origin.x = from.origin.x + (to.origin.x-from.origin.x) * progress
returnRect.origin.y = from.origin.y + (to.origin.y-from.origin.y) * progress
returnRect.size.width = from.size.width + (to.size.width-from.size.width) * progress
returnRect.size.height = from.size.height + (to.size.height-from.size.height) * progress
return returnRect
}
}
var from = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 1, height: 1) // (0, 0, 1, 1)
var to = CGRect(x: 1, y: 1, width: 0, height: 0) // (1, 1, 0, 0)
CGRect.interpolate(from, to: to, progress: 1) // (1, 1, 0, 0)
此外,这会使NSString
容易符合协议Interpolate
,例如:
extension NSString: Interpolate {
typealias T = NSString
static func interpolate(from: T, to: T, progress: CGFloat) -> NSString.T {
//...
return ""
}
}
答案 1 :(得分:2)
问题是T
是一个通用的占位符 - 这意味着你无法知道函数中T
的实际具体类型是什么。因此,虽然您可以有条件地将from
和to
转换为CGRect
(从而确定T == CGRect
),但Swift无法推断此信息,因此禁止尝试返回CGRect
时预计返回T
。
因此,原始解决方案是强制将返回结果强制转换回T
,以便将这种信息差距与类型系统联系起来:
if let from = from as? CGRect, let to = to as? CGRect {
// ...
return returnRect as! T
}
但是,这种类型转换实际上是一个标志,表明您正在与类型系统作斗争,而不是利用泛型提供的静态类型,因此不推荐使用。
更好的解决方案,如@Wongzigii has already said,是使用协议。例如,如果您在答案中显示了Interpolate
协议,那么您可以使用此协议来限制T
函数中的通用占位符interpolate
:
class Interpolation {
class func interpolate<T:Interpolate>(from: T, to: T, progress: CGFloat) -> T {
// Safety
assert(progress >= 0 && progress <= 1, "Invalid progress value: \(progress)")
return T.interpolate(from: from, to: to, progress: progress)
}
}
这解决了许多问题 - 它取消了运行时类型转换,而是使用协议约束来调用专用的interpolate
函数。协议约束还会阻止您在编译时传递任何不符合Interpolate
的类型,因此也解决了在类型转换失败时该怎么做的问题。
尽管如此,我实际上非常喜欢@JoshCaswell suggested in his answer解决您的另一个问题的方法 - 重载运算符以实现此功能。与前面的解决方案一样,关键是定义一个协议,该协议封装了您在每种类型上定义的功能,然后将通用功能约束到此协议。
一个简单的实现可能如下所示:
protocol Interpolatable {
func +(lhs:Self, rhs:Self) -> Self
func -(lhs:Self, rhs:Self) -> Self
func *(lhs:Self, rhs:CGFloat) -> Self
}
func +(lhs:CGRect, rhs:CGRect) -> CGRect {
return CGRect(x: lhs.origin.x+rhs.origin.x,
y: lhs.origin.y+rhs.origin.y,
width: lhs.size.width+rhs.size.width,
height: lhs.size.height+rhs.size.height)
}
func -(lhs:CGRect, rhs:CGRect) -> CGRect {
return CGRect(x: lhs.origin.x-rhs.origin.x,
y: lhs.origin.y-rhs.origin.y,
width: lhs.size.width-rhs.size.width,
height: lhs.size.height-rhs.size.height)
}
func *(lhs:CGRect, rhs:CGFloat) -> CGRect {
return CGRect(x: lhs.origin.x*rhs,
y: lhs.origin.y*rhs,
width: lhs.size.width*rhs,
height: lhs.size.height*rhs)
}
extension CGRect : Interpolatable {}
extension CGFloat : Interpolatable {}
class Interpolation {
class func interpolate<T:Interpolatable>(from: T, to: T, progress: CGFloat) -> T {
assert(progress >= 0 && progress <= 1, "Invalid progress value: \(progress)")
return from + (to - from) * progress
}
}