我正在尝试编写Python代码以与使用命令行提示的另一个软件进行交互。执行命令行提示后，将在目录中生成多个输出文件，软件将使用这些输出文件进行一些计算。另外，我的程序的其余部分使用那些输出文件。目前，我运行我的python代码，然后手动输入命令行提示符，然后调用我的其余代码，这工作正常，但是当我试图放置：
subprocess.call(['sfit4Layer0.py', '-bv5', '-fs'], shell=False)
进入我的文件，它没有正确执行（不生成输出文件）。
当我创建上面的代码时，它是自己的python代码并在我的代码的第一部分之后立即调用它 - 它也有用。
根据我的输出，我确信问题是这样的：调用生成多个文件，然后使用这些文件进行计算，但是，它没有生成正确的文件，因此我的输出中出现错误。所以在某种程度上它似乎超越了自己：不等待在进行计算之前生成输出文件，但同样，当我在程序之外单独运行此命令时，它也可以工作。关于为什么会发生这种情况的任何想法？
我做错了什么？我是否需要指定目录（输出文件是否可以放在我的计算机中的其他位置）？我需要使用subprocess.Popen吗？我已经在互联网上搜索了，但我是Python的新人（非常）并且彻底难倒。
欢迎任何建议。谢谢！
编辑：对于那些问过的人，这里是sfit4Layer0.py代码：
#! /usr/bin/python
##! /usr/local/python-2.7/bin/python
##! /usr/bin/python
##! /usr/bin/python
# Change the above line to point to the location of your python executable
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name:
# sfit4Layer0.py
#
# Purpose:
# This file is the zeroth order running of sfit4. It accomplishes the following:
# 1) Calls pspec to convert binary spectra file (bnr) to ascii (t15asc)
# 2) Calls hbin to gather line parameters from hitran
# 3) Calls sfit4
# 4) Calls error analysis from Layer1mods.py
# 5) Clean outputs from sfit4 call
#
#
# External Subprocess Calls:
# 1) pspec executable file from pspec.f90
# 2) hbin executable file from hbin.f90
# 3) sfit4 executable file from sfit4.f90
# 4) errAnalysis from Layer1mods.py
#
#
#
# Notes:
# 1) Options include:
# -i <dir> : Optional. Data directory. Default is current working directory
# -b <dir/str> : Optional. Binary directory. Default is hard-code.
# -f <str> : Run flags, h = hbin, p = pspec, s = sfit4, e = error analysis, c = clean
#
#
# Usage:
# ./sfit4Layer0.py [options]
#
#
# Examples:
# 1) This example runs hbin, pspec, sfit4, error analys, and cleans working directory prior to execution
# ./sfit4Layer0.py -f hpsec
#
# 2) This example just runs sfit4
# ./sfit4Layer0.py -f s
#
# 3) This example cleans the output file created by sfit4 in directory (/User/home/datafiles/) which is not the current directory
# ./sfit4Layer0.py -i /User/home/datafiles/ -f c
#
# Version History:
# Created, May, 2013 Eric Nussbaumer (ebaumer@ucar.edu)
#
#
# License:
# Copyright (c) 2013-2014 NDACC/IRWG
# This file is part of sfit4.
#
# sfit4 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# any later version.
#
# sfit4 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with sfit4. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
#
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#---------------
# Import modules
#---------------
import sys
import os
import getopt
import sfitClasses as sc
from Layer1Mods import errAnalysis
from Tkinter import Tk
from tkFileDialog import askopenfilename
#------------------------
# Define helper functions
#------------------------
def usage(binDirVer):
print 'sfit4Layer0.py -f <str> [-i <dir> [-b <dir/str> ] \n'
print '-i <dir> Data directory. Optional: default is current working directory'
print '-f <str> Run Flags: Necessary: h = hbin, p = pspec, s = sfit4, e = error analysis, c = clean'
print '-b <dir/str> Binary sfit directory. Optional: default is hard-coded in main(). Also accepts v1, v2, etc.'
for ver in binDirVer:
print ' {}: {}'.format(ver,binDirVer[ver])
sys.exit()
def main(argv):
#----------------
# Initializations
#----------------
#------------
# Directories
#------------
wrkDir = os.getcwd() # Set current directory as the data directory
binDir = '/data/bin' # Default binary directory. Used of nothing is specified on command line
binDirVer = {
'v1': '/data/ebaumer/Code/sfit-core-code/src/', # Version 1 for binary directory (Eric)
'v2': '/data/tools/400/sfit-core/src/', # Version 2 for binary directory (Jim)
'v3': '/Users/jamesw/FDP/sfit/400/sfit-core/src/', # Version 2 for binary directory (Jim)
'v4': '/home/ebaumer/Code/sfit4/src/',
'v5': '/Users/allisondavis/Documents/Summer2016/sfit4_0.9.4.3/src'
}
#----------
# Run flags
#----------
hbinFlg = False # Flag to run hbin
pspecFlg = False # Flag to run pspec
sfitFlg = False # Flag to run sfit4
errFlg = False # Flag to run error analysis
clnFlg = False # Flag to clean directory of output files listed in ctl file
#--------------------------------
# Retrieve command line arguments
#--------------------------------
try:
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'i:b:f:?')
except getopt.GetoptError as err:
print str(err)
usage(binDirVer)
sys.exit()
#-----------------------------
# Parse command line arguments
#-----------------------------
for opt, arg in opts:
# Data directory
if opt == '-i':
wrkDir = arg
sc.ckDir(wrkDir,exitFlg=True)
# Binary directory
elif opt == '-b':
if not sc.ckDir(arg,exitFlg=False,quietFlg=True):
try: binDir = binDirVer[arg.lower()]
except KeyError: print '{} not a recognized version for -b option'.format(arg); sys.exit()
else: binDir = arg
if not(binDir.endswith('/')): binDir = binDir + '/'
# Run flags
elif opt == '-f':
flgs = list(arg)
for f in flgs:
if f.lower() == 'h': hbinFlg = True
elif f.lower() == 'p': pspecFlg = True
elif f.lower() == 's': sfitFlg = True
elif f.lower() == 'e': errFlg = True
elif f.lower() == 'c': clnFile = True
else: print '{} not an option for -f ... ignored'.format(f)
elif opt == '-?':
usage(binDirVer)
sys.exit()
else:
print 'Unhandled option: {}'.format(opt)
sys.exit()
#--------------------------------------
# If necessary change working directory
# to directory with input data.
#--------------------------------------
if os.path.abspath(wrkDir) != os.getcwd(): os.chdir(wrkDir)
if not(wrkDir.endswith('/')): wrkDir = wrkDir + '/'
#--------------------------
# Initialize sfit ctl class
#--------------------------
ctlFileName = wrkDir + 'sfit4.ctl'
if sc.ckFile(wrkDir+'sfit4.ctl'): ctlFileName = wrkDir + 'sfit4.ctl'
else:
Tk().withdraw()
ctlFileName = askopenfilename(initialdir=wrkDir,message='Please select sfit ctl file')
ctlFile = sc.CtlInputFile(ctlFileName)
ctlFile.getInputs()
#------------------------
# Initialize sb ctl class
#------------------------
if errFlg:
if sc.ckFile(wrkDir+'sb.ctl'): sbCtlFileName = wrkDir + 'sb.ctl'
else:
TK().withdraw()
sbCtlFileName = askopenfilename(initialdir=wrkDir,message='Please select sb ctl file')
sbCtlFile = sc.CtlInputFile(sbCtlFileName)
sbCtlFile.getInputs()
#---------------------------
# Clean up output from sfit4
#---------------------------
if clnFlg:
for k in ctlFile.inputs['file.out']:
if 'file.out' in k:
try: os.remove(wrkDir + ctlFile.inputs[k])
except OSError: pass
#----------
# Run pspec
#----------
if pspecFlg:
print '*************'
print 'Running pspec'
print '*************'
rtn = sc.subProcRun( [binDir + 'pspec'] )
#----------
# Run hbin
#----------
if hbinFlg:
print '************'
print 'Running hbin'
print '************'
rtn = sc.subProcRun( [binDir + 'hbin'] )
#----------
# Run sfit4
#----------
if sfitFlg:
print '************'
print 'Running sfit'
print '************'
rtn = sc.subProcRun( [binDir + 'sfit4'] )
#-------------------
# Run error analysis
#-------------------
if errFlg:
print '**********************'
print 'Running error analysis'
print '**********************'
rtn = errAnalysis(ctlFile,sbCtlFile,wrkDir)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main(sys.argv[1:])
答案 0 :(得分：0)
尝试一下：subprocess.call('sfit4Layer0.py -bv5 -fs', shell=True)
答案 1 :(得分：0)
如果您尝试从python脚本调用另一个python脚本，则subprocess.call（）方法适合您的操作。
我建议你转
subprocess.call(['sfit4Layer0.py', '-bv5', '-fs'], shell=True)
希望这个解决方案有效。
当您想要将STDIN / STDOUT或STDERR从一个进程传输到另一个进程时，通常会使用Popen。
此外，当您编写文件时，请确保将文件或目录路径创建为绝对路径，这将有助于您将文件始终放在所需位置。
快乐编码。
答案 2 :(得分：0)
subprocess.call(['sfit4Layer0.py', '-bv5', '-fs'], shell=False)
如果脚本确实包含shebang并且不可执行 尝试：
subprocess.call(['python','/path/to/script/sfit4Layer0.py','-bv5','-fs'], shell=False)
如果脚本是可执行的并且包含shebang 尝试：
subprocess.call(['/path/to/script/sfit4Layer0.py -bv5 -fs'], shell=True)