我有以下课程:
#include <unordered_map>
#include <memory>
class Node {
public:
typedef std::unique_ptr<Node> ptr_type;
typedef std::unordered_map<char, ptr_type> map_type;
typedef /**???**/ const_iterator;
const_iterator begin() const;
const_iterator end() const;
private:
map_type _children;
};
正如您所看到的,我希望这个类的用户能够迭代_children
的元素而无法修改它们。这就是为什么我想创建一个指向类型为pair<char, const Node&>
而不是pair<char, ptr_type>
的元素的迭代器。
创建一个基础迭代器类对于手头的任务来说似乎有点过于复杂。我已经看过boost迭代器,我认为transform_iterator
可能是要走的路,但我还没有找到如何让它工作。
虽然我在这里,有谁知道在哪里可以找到boost-iterators
中定义的迭代器的不同示例的示例?每种类型的文档中只有一个示例,它们并不总是符合我的需求(我对这个库很新,我可能错过了一些明显的东西)。
更新:我尝试使用boost::transform_iterator
class Node {
public:
typedef std::unique_ptr<Node> ptr_type;
typedef std::unordered_map<char, ptr_type> map_type;
struct Transformer {
std::pair<char, const Node&> operator()(const std::pair<char, ptr_type> &p) const {
return std::pair<char, const Node&>(p.first, *p.second);
}
};
typedef boost::transform_iterator<Transformer, map_type::const_iterator, std::pair<char, const Node&>&, std::pair<char, const Node&>> const_iterator;
const_iterator begin() const {
return boost::make_transform_iterator<Transformer, map_type::const_iterator>(_children.begin(), Transformer());
}
const_iterator end() const {
return boost::make_transform_iterator<Transformer, map_type::const_iterator>(_children.end(), Transformer());
}
private:
map_type _children;
};
遗憾的是,它没有编译,并给出以下错误:
error: no type named ‘type’ in ‘boost::mpl::eval_if<boost::is_same<boost::iterators::use_default, boost::iterators::use_default>, boost::result_of<const Node::Transformer(const std::pair<const char, std::unique_ptr<Node> >&)>, boost::mpl::identity<boost::iterators::use_default> >::f_ {aka struct boost::result_of<const Node::Transformer(const std::pair<const char, std::unique_ptr<Node> >&)>}’
typedef typename f_::type type;
答案 0 :(得分:4)
如果不强制使用boost-iterator,则可以编写自己的迭代器。我发帖一个,满足ForwardIterator。你可以简单地将它扩展到BidirectionalIterator(但它可能有点乏味)。
在发布之前,我恐怕无法满足您的要求(除了使用boost-iterator);使用std::pair<char, const Node*>
代替std::pair<char, const Node&>
,因为后者禁止复制。也许这就是阻止你编译boost::transform_iterator
例子的原因(我不确定;我对boost-iterator不太熟悉)。
无论如何,这是code.cpp(长125行)。 main
测试功能包括:
#include <unordered_map>
#include <memory>
class Node;
template <class Map>
class MyIterator {
public:
// iterator member typedefs
using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
using value_type = std::pair<char, const Node*>;
using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
using pointer = value_type*;
using reference = value_type&;
// typedef for underlying iterator
using underlying_iterator = typename Map::const_iterator;
// constructors
// takes an underlying iterator
explicit MyIterator(underlying_iterator it) : _it(std::move(it)) {}
// default constructor; required by ForwardIterator
MyIterator() = default;
// dereference; required by InputIterator
reference operator*() {
update();
return _p;
}
// dereference; required by InputIterator
pointer operator->() {
update();
return &_p;
}
// increment; required by Iterator
MyIterator<Map>& operator++() {
++_it;
return *this;
}
// increment; required by InputIterator
MyIterator<Map> operator++(int) {
auto mit = *this;
++*this;
return mit;
}
// comparison; required by EqualityComparable
bool operator==(const MyIterator<Map>& mit) const {
return _it == mit._it;
}
// comparison; required by InputIterator
bool operator!=(const MyIterator<Map>& mit) const {
return !(*this == mit);
}
private:
// this method must be called at dereference-time but not
// traverse-time in order to prevent UB at a wrong time.
void update() {
_p = value_type{_it->first, &*(_it->second)};
}
// the underlying iterator that tracks the map
underlying_iterator _it;
// the pair of the desired type. without it, e.g. operator-> doesn't
// work; it has to return a pointer, and the pointed must not be a
// temporary object.
value_type _p;
};
class Node {
public:
typedef std::unique_ptr<Node> ptr_type;
typedef std::unordered_map<char, ptr_type> map_type;
typedef MyIterator<map_type> const_iterator;
const_iterator begin() const {
return const_iterator{_children.begin()};
}
const_iterator end() const {
return const_iterator{_children.end()};
}
private:
map_type _children;
// additional members for testing purposes.
public:
Node(std::string name) : _name(std::move(name)) {}
Node(std::string name, map_type&& children) :
_children(std::move(children)), _name(std::move(name)) {}
std::string const& name() const {
return _name;
}
private:
std::string _name;
};
#include <iostream>
// test program; construct a simple tree and print children.
int main() {
typedef std::unique_ptr<Node> ptr_type;
typedef std::unordered_map<char, ptr_type> map_type;
ptr_type leaf1(new Node("leaf1"));
ptr_type leaf2(new Node("leaf2"));
ptr_type leaf3(new Node("leaf3"));
map_type branch;
branch.emplace('1', std::move(leaf1));
branch.emplace('2', std::move(leaf2));
branch.emplace('3', std::move(leaf3));
Node parent("parent", std::move(branch));
for (auto it = parent.begin(); it != parent.end(); ++it) {
std::cout << it->first << ' ' << it->second->name() << '\n';
}
return 0;
};
编译命令:
g++ -std=c++11 -g -O2 -Wall code.cpp
我的输出:
3 leaf3
2 leaf2
1 leaf1
MyIterator
被编写为模板类,以便在您将std::unordered_map
更改为例如std::map
,您无需修改MyIterator
;)
使operator*
必须返回对std::pair
的引用,使事情变得复杂;这意味着某处必须存在std::pair
的(非临时)对象,否则该引用将成为悬空引用。 operator->
相同(用“指针”替换“引用”)。
此处MyIterator::_p
是std::pair
的参考。这是在更新时复制分配的,std::pair<char, const Node&>
(包含引用的对)禁止。
std::pair<char, const Node&>
的替代方案是std::pair<char, const Node*>
或std::pair<char, std::reference_wrapper<const Node>>
。如果您选择使用it->second->name()
替代方法,请将it->second.get().name()
替换为std::reference_wrapper
。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
我认为这可能是boost::indirect_iterator
存在的原因。在(普通)map<char, char *>
上调整boost文档中的示例:
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <boost/iterator/indirect_iterator.hpp>
int main() {
char characters[] = "abcdefg";
size_t ncharacters = sizeof characters - 1;
char *charptr[ncharacters];
for (size_t i = 0; i < ncharacters; ++i) {
charptr[i] = &characters[i];
}
std::map <char, char *> map1;
for (size_t i = 0; i < ncharacters; ++i) {
map1[characters[i]] = charptr[i]; /* Trivial, just to demonstrate */
}
boost::indirect_iterator<char * const*, char const> const_indirect_first(charptr),
const_indirect_last(charptr + ncharacters);
std::copy(const_indirect_first, const_indirect_last, std::ostream_iterator<char>(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}