我试图对QuickSort进行实现(对于小数组,中间值为3分区元素和插入排序),并将其与MergeSort的实现进行比较,但即使QuickSort平均时间应优于MergeSort,每次执行它时,似乎需要花费更多的时间来对数组进行排序(即使是按随机顺序排列的数组)。知道为什么会这样吗?
快速排序:
public class Quick {
private static final int M = 10;
private static Random random = new Random();
public void sort(int[] a) {
sort(a, 0, a.length - 1);
insertionSort(a, 0, a.length - 1);
}
private void sort(int[] a, int lo, int hi) {
if (hi - lo <= 10) return;
swap(a, lo, pivot(a, lo, hi));
int lt = lo, gt = hi;
int v = a[lo];
int i = lo;
while (i <= gt) {
if (a[i] < v) swap(a, lt++, i++);
else if (a[i] > v) swap(a, i, gt--);
else i++;
}
// a[lo..lt-1] < v = a[lt..gt] < a[gt+1..hi].
sort(a, lo, lt-1);
sort(a, gt+1, hi);
}
private int pivot(int[] a, int lo, int hi) {
int r1 = random.nextInt(hi - lo) + lo,
r2 = random.nextInt(hi - lo) + lo,
r3 = random.nextInt(hi - lo) + lo;
return median3(a, r1, r2, r3);
}
private void swap(int[] a, int i, int j) {
if (i == j) return;
int tmp = a[i];
a[i] = a[j];
a[j] = tmp;
}
private static int median3(int[] a, int i, int j, int k) {
return (a[i] < a[j] ?
(a[j] < a[k] ? j : a[i] < a[k] ? k : i) :
(a[k] < a[j] ? j : a[k] < a[i] ? k : i));
}
private void insertionSort(int[] a, int lo, int hi) {
for (int i = lo; i <= hi; i++)
for (int j = i; j > lo && a[j] < a[j-1]; j--)
swap(a, j, j-1);
}
}
归并:
public class Merge {
public void sort(int[] a) {
int[] aux = new int[a.length];
sort(a, aux, 0, a.length - 1);
}
private void sort(int[] a, int[] aux, int lo, int hi) {
if (hi <= lo) return;
int mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
sort(a, aux, lo, mid);
sort(a, aux, mid + 1, hi);
merge(a, aux, lo, mid, hi);
}
private void merge(int[] a, int[] aux, int lo, int mid, int hi) {
System.arraycopy(a, lo, aux, lo, hi + 1 - lo);
// Merge
int i = lo, j = mid + 1;
for (int k = lo; k <= hi; k++) {
if (i > mid) a[k] = aux[j++];
else if (j > hi) a[k] = aux[i++];
else if (aux[j] < aux[i]) a[k] = aux[j++];
else a[k] = aux[i++];
}
}
}
例如,当我为10个长度为10 ^ 8的随机数组运行此算法时,MergeSort平均执行13385.8 ms,而QuickSort平均花费14096.7 ms。
澄清一下,这是我衡量执行时间的方式
public static void main(String[] args) {
int pow = (int) Math.pow(10, 8);
int[] a, b;
double[] m1 = new double[10],
m2 = m1.clone(),
double st, et;
Merge merge = new Merge();
Quick quick = new Quick();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
a = randomArray(pow);
b = a.clone();
st = currentTimeMillis();
merge.sort(a);
et = currentTimeMillis();
m1[i] = et - st;
st = currentTimeMillis();
quick.sort(b);
et = currentTimeMillis();
m2[i] = et - st;
}
out.println("MergeSort: " + mean(m1));
out.println("QuickSort: " + mean(m2));
}
private static int[] randomArray(int n) {
r = new Random();
int[] a = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) a[i] = r.nextInt();
return a;
}
答案 0 :(得分:1)
在尝试了很多事情以找出问题所在之后,我改变了创建随机数组的函数,事实证明QuickSort
现在实际上工作得更快。我不知道为什么,但似乎我创建阵列的方式对QuickSort
的性能产生了不利影响。现在,我所做的是,不是生成一个随机整数数组,而是生成一个数组形式1到n,然后将其洗牌,如下所示:
public static int[] permutation(int n) {
int[] a = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) a[i] = i + 1;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
int r = i + rnd.nextInt(n - i),
tmp = a[i];
a[i] = a[r];
a[r] = tmp;
}
return a;
}