我使用此问题的解决方案使用6张图像绘制3D SKybox视图。问题可在此处找到。 LibGDX 0.9.9 - Apply cubemap in environment。该程序工作，但似乎使用了大量的处理能力，我的CPU风扇开始运行。我渲染3D天空盒的方式有问题，还是有更好的方法。我实现天空盒的方式是否正确。这是我的代码。
创建环境的类位于
之下protected final Pixmap[] data = new Pixmap[6];
protected ShaderProgram shader;
protected int u_worldTrans;
protected Mesh quad;
private Matrix4 worldTrans;
private Quaternion q;
protected String vertexShader = " attribute vec3 a_position; \n"+
" attribute vec3 a_normal; \n"+
" attribute vec2 a_texCoord0; \n"+
" uniform mat4 u_worldTrans; \n"+
" varying vec2 v_texCoord0; \n"+
" varying vec3 v_cubeMapUV; \n"+
" void main() { \n"+
" v_texCoord0 = a_texCoord0; \n"+
" vec4 g_position = u_worldTrans * vec4(a_position, 1.0); \n"+
" v_cubeMapUV = normalize(g_position.xyz); \n"+
" gl_Position = vec4(a_position, 1.0); \n"+
" } \n";
protected String fragmentShader = "#ifdef GL_ES \n"+
" precision mediump float; \n"+
" #endif \n"+
" uniform samplerCube u_environmentCubemap; \n"+
" varying vec2 v_texCoord0; \n"+
" varying vec3 v_cubeMapUV; \n"+
" void main() { \n"+
" gl_FragColor = vec4(textureCube(u_environmentCubemap, v_cubeMapUV).rgb, 1.0); \n"+
" } \n";
public String getDefaultVertexShader(){
return vertexShader;
}
public String getDefaultFragmentShader(){
return fragmentShader;
}
public EnvironmentCubemap (Pixmap positiveX, Pixmap negativeX, Pixmap positiveY, Pixmap negativeY, Pixmap positiveZ, Pixmap negativeZ) {
data[0]=positiveX;
data[1]=negativeX;
data[2]=positiveY;
data[3]=negativeY;
data[4]=positiveZ;
data[5]=negativeZ;
init();
}
public EnvironmentCubemap (FileHandle positiveX, FileHandle negativeX, FileHandle positiveY, FileHandle negativeY, FileHandle positiveZ, FileHandle negativeZ) {
this(new Pixmap(positiveX), new Pixmap(negativeX), new Pixmap(positiveY), new Pixmap(negativeY), new Pixmap(positiveZ), new Pixmap(negativeZ));
}
//IF ALL SIX SIDES ARE REPRESENTED IN ONE IMAGE
public EnvironmentCubemap (Pixmap cubemap) {
int w = cubemap.getWidth();
int h = cubemap.getHeight();
for(int i=0; i<6; i++) data[i] = new Pixmap(w/4, h/3, Format.RGB888);
for(int x=0; x<w; x++)
for(int y=0; y<h; y++){
//-X
if(x>=0 && x<=w/4 && y>=h/3 && y<=h*2/3) data[1].drawPixel(x, y-h/3, cubemap.getPixel(x, y));
//+Y
if(x>=w/4 && x<=w/2 && y>=0 && y<=h/3) data[2].drawPixel(x-w/4, y, cubemap.getPixel(x, y));
//+Z
if(x>=w/4 && x<=w/2 && y>=h/3 && y<=h*2/3) data[4].drawPixel(x-w/4, y-h/3, cubemap.getPixel(x, y));
//-Y
if(x>=w/4 && x<=w/2 && y>=h*2/3 && y<=h) data[3].drawPixel(x-w/4, y-h*2/3, cubemap.getPixel(x, y));
//+X
if(x>=w/2 && x<=w*3/4 && y>=h/3 && y<=h*2/3) data[0].drawPixel(x-w/2, y-h/3, cubemap.getPixel(x, y));
//-Z
if(x>=w*3/4 && x<=w && y>=h/3 && y<=h*2/3) data[5].drawPixel(x-w*3/4, y-h/3, cubemap.getPixel(x, y));
}
cubemap.dispose();
cubemap=null;
init();
}
private void init(){
shader = new ShaderProgram(vertexShader, fragmentShader);
if (!shader.isCompiled())
throw new GdxRuntimeException(shader.getLog());
u_worldTrans = shader.getUniformLocation("u_worldTrans");
quad = createQuad();
worldTrans = new Matrix4();
q = new Quaternion();
initCubemap();
}
private void initCubemap(){
//bind cubemap
Gdx.gl.glBindTexture(GL.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, 0);
Gdx.gl.glTexImage2D(GL.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X, 0, GL30.GL_RGB, data[0].getWidth(), data[0].getHeight(), 0, GL30.GL_RGB, GL30.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data[0].getPixels());
Gdx.gl.glTexImage2D(GL.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_X, 0, GL30.GL_RGB, data[1].getWidth(), data[1].getHeight(), 0, GL30.GL_RGB, GL30.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data[1].getPixels());
Gdx.gl.glTexImage2D(GL.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Y, 0, GL30.GL_RGB, data[2].getWidth(), data[2].getHeight(), 0, GL30.GL_RGB, GL30.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data[2].getPixels());
Gdx.gl.glTexImage2D(GL.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Y, 0, GL30.GL_RGB, data[3].getWidth(), data[3].getHeight(), 0, GL30.GL_RGB, GL30.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data[3].getPixels());
Gdx.gl.glTexImage2D(GL.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Z, 0, GL30.GL_RGB, data[4].getWidth(), data[4].getHeight(), 0, GL30.GL_RGB, GL30.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data[4].getPixels());
Gdx.gl.glTexImage2D(GL.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Z, 0, GL30.GL_RGB, data[5].getWidth(), data[5].getHeight(), 0, GL30.GL_RGB, GL30.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data[5].getPixels());
Gdx.gl.glGenerateMipmap(GL.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP);
Gdx.gl.glTexParameteri(GL.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL30.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL30.GL_LINEAR);
Gdx.gl.glTexParameteri ( GL.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL30.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL30.GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR );
Gdx.gl.glTexParameteri ( GL.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL30.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL30.GL_LINEAR );
Gdx.gl.glTexParameteri ( GL.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL30.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL30.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE );
Gdx.gl.glTexParameteri ( GL.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL30.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL30.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE );
Gdx.gl.glGenerateMipmap(GL30.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP);
}
public void render(Camera camera){
//SPECIAL THANKS TO Jos van Egmond
camera.view.getRotation( q, true );
q.conjugate();
///////////////////////////////////
worldTrans.idt();
worldTrans.rotate(q);
shader.begin();
shader.setUniformMatrix(u_worldTrans, worldTrans.translate(0, 0, -1));
quad.render(shader, GL30.GL_TRIANGLES);
shader.end();
}
public Mesh createQuad(){
Mesh mesh = new Mesh(true, 4, 6, VertexAttribute.Position(), VertexAttribute. ColorUnpacked(), VertexAttribute.TexCoords(0));
mesh.setVertices(new float[]
{-1f, -1f, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1,
1f, -1f, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1f, 1f, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,
-1f, 1f, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0});
mesh.setIndices(new short[] {0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0});
return mesh;
}
@Override
public void dispose() {
shader.dispose();
quad.dispose();
for(int i=0; i<6; i++)
data[i].dispose();
}
在我的主要java类中，我有
env = new EnvironmentCubemap(Gdx.files.internal("assets/skybox/back.jpg"), Gdx.files.internal("assets/skybox/front.jpg"),
Gdx.files.internal("assets/skybox/top.jpg"), Gdx.files.internal("assets/skybox/bottom.jpg"),
Gdx.files.internal("assets/skybox/left.jpg"), Gdx.files.internal("assets/skybox/right.jpg"));
和我的渲染方法
modelBatch.begin(cam);
modelBatch.flush();
modelBatch.render(instance);
env.render(modelBatch.getCamera());
modelBatch.end();
// Stage
stage.act();
stage.draw();
答案 0 :(得分：2)
不要使用立方体贴图来制作像天空盒这样的东西，这只会让你感到复杂并且无法获得任何东西。只需在建模应用程序中创建一个框（或者如果您愿意，可以通过创建6个矩形来使用ModelBuilder，您不应该这样做并在其上映射纹理。就像您使用的任何其他型号一样。不要忘记你想从内部看它，所以根据你的建模应用，你可能需要翻转法线或顶点绕组。确保它足够大（如果需要，你可以使用不同的相机）。如果您要移动相机很多，那么您可能希望盒子跟随相机，这样您就无法到达天空的尽头。最后，确保在不指定环境的情况下渲染它，因此它不会受到任何照明等的影响。
当然，无论您是否使用立方体贴图，使用天空框都有其局限性。因此，我个人推荐使用skysphere或skydome。本教程也可能有所帮助：https://xoppa.github.io/blog/loading-a-scene-with-libgdx/。