获得两个列表之间的区别

时间:2010-08-11 19:38:10

标签: python performance list set set-difference

我在Python中有两个列表,如下所示:

temp1 = ['One', 'Two', 'Three', 'Four']
temp2 = ['One', 'Two']

我需要创建第三个列表,其中包含第一个列表中不存在于第二个列表中的项目。从我必须得到的例子:

temp3 = ['Three', 'Four']

有没有没有循环和检查的快速方法?

31 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1009)

In [5]: list(set(temp1) - set(temp2))
Out[5]: ['Four', 'Three']

小心

In [5]: set([1, 2]) - set([2, 3])
Out[5]: set([1]) 

您可能希望/希望它等于set([1, 3])。如果您确实需要set([1, 3])作为答案,则需要使用set([1, 2]).symmetric_difference(set([2, 3]))

答案 1 :(得分:426)

现有解决方案均提供以下一种或另一种:

  • 比O(n * m)表现更快。
  • 保留输入列表的顺序。

但到目前为止还没有解决方案。如果你想要两者,试试这个:

s = set(temp2)
temp3 = [x for x in temp1 if x not in s]

效果测试

import timeit
init = 'temp1 = list(range(100)); temp2 = [i * 2 for i in range(50)]'
print timeit.timeit('list(set(temp1) - set(temp2))', init, number = 100000)
print timeit.timeit('s = set(temp2);[x for x in temp1 if x not in s]', init, number = 100000)
print timeit.timeit('[item for item in temp1 if item not in temp2]', init, number = 100000)

结果:

4.34620224079 # ars' answer
4.2770634955  # This answer
30.7715615392 # matt b's answer

我提出的方法以及保留顺序也比设置减法(稍微)快,因为它不需要构造不必要的集合。如果第一个列表比第二个列表长得多并且散列是昂贵的,则性能差异会更明显。这是第二次测试,证明了这一点:

init = '''
temp1 = [str(i) for i in range(100000)]
temp2 = [str(i * 2) for i in range(50)]
'''

结果:

11.3836875916 # ars' answer
3.63890368748 # this answer (3 times faster!)
37.7445402279 # matt b's answer

答案 2 :(得分:61)

temp3 = [item for item in temp1 if item not in temp2]

答案 3 :(得分:17)

如果你想以递归方式获得差异,我已经为python编写了一个包: https://github.com/seperman/deepdiff

安装

从PyPi安装:

pip install deepdiff

使用示例

导入

>>> from deepdiff import DeepDiff
>>> from pprint import pprint
>>> from __future__ import print_function # In case running on Python 2

相同的对象返回空

>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}
>>> t2 = t1
>>> print(DeepDiff(t1, t2))
{}

项目类型已更改

>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:"2", 3:3}
>>> pprint(DeepDiff(t1, t2), indent=2)
{ 'type_changes': { 'root[2]': { 'newtype': <class 'str'>,
                                 'newvalue': '2',
                                 'oldtype': <class 'int'>,
                                 'oldvalue': 2}}}

项目的价值已更改

>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:4, 3:3}
>>> pprint(DeepDiff(t1, t2), indent=2)
{'values_changed': {'root[2]': {'newvalue': 4, 'oldvalue': 2}}}

添加和/或删除了项目

>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:4}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:4, 3:3, 5:5, 6:6}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2)
>>> pprint (ddiff)
{'dic_item_added': ['root[5]', 'root[6]'],
 'dic_item_removed': ['root[4]'],
 'values_changed': {'root[2]': {'newvalue': 4, 'oldvalue': 2}}}

字符串差异

>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":"world"}}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:4, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":"world!"}}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2)
>>> pprint (ddiff, indent = 2)
{ 'values_changed': { 'root[2]': {'newvalue': 4, 'oldvalue': 2},
                      "root[4]['b']": { 'newvalue': 'world!',
                                        'oldvalue': 'world'}}}

字符串差异2

>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":"world!\nGoodbye!\n1\n2\nEnd"}}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":"world\n1\n2\nEnd"}}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2)
>>> pprint (ddiff, indent = 2)
{ 'values_changed': { "root[4]['b']": { 'diff': '--- \n'
                                                '+++ \n'
                                                '@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@\n'
                                                '-world!\n'
                                                '-Goodbye!\n'
                                                '+world\n'
                                                ' 1\n'
                                                ' 2\n'
                                                ' End',
                                        'newvalue': 'world\n1\n2\nEnd',
                                        'oldvalue': 'world!\n'
                                                    'Goodbye!\n'
                                                    '1\n'
                                                    '2\n'
                                                    'End'}}}

>>> 
>>> print (ddiff['values_changed']["root[4]['b']"]["diff"])
--- 
+++ 
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-world!
-Goodbye!
+world
 1
 2
 End

输入类型

>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 2, 3]}}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":"world\n\n\nEnd"}}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2)
>>> pprint (ddiff, indent = 2)
{ 'type_changes': { "root[4]['b']": { 'newtype': <class 'str'>,
                                      'newvalue': 'world\n\n\nEnd',
                                      'oldtype': <class 'list'>,
                                      'oldvalue': [1, 2, 3]}}}

列表差异

>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 2, 3, 4]}}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 2]}}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2)
>>> pprint (ddiff, indent = 2)
{'iterable_item_removed': {"root[4]['b'][2]": 3, "root[4]['b'][3]": 4}}

列表差异2:

>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 2, 3]}}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 3, 2, 3]}}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2)
>>> pprint (ddiff, indent = 2)
{ 'iterable_item_added': {"root[4]['b'][3]": 3},
  'values_changed': { "root[4]['b'][1]": {'newvalue': 3, 'oldvalue': 2},
                      "root[4]['b'][2]": {'newvalue': 2, 'oldvalue': 3}}}

列出忽略顺序或重复的差异:(使用与上面相同的词典)

>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 2, 3]}}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 3, 2, 3]}}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2, ignore_order=True)
>>> print (ddiff)
{}

包含字典的列表:

>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 2, {1:1, 2:2}]}}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 2, {1:3}]}}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2)
>>> pprint (ddiff, indent = 2)
{ 'dic_item_removed': ["root[4]['b'][2][2]"],
  'values_changed': {"root[4]['b'][2][1]": {'newvalue': 3, 'oldvalue': 1}}}

设定:

>>> t1 = {1, 2, 8}
>>> t2 = {1, 2, 3, 5}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2)
>>> pprint (DeepDiff(t1, t2))
{'set_item_added': ['root[3]', 'root[5]'], 'set_item_removed': ['root[8]']}

命名元组:

>>> from collections import namedtuple
>>> Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])
>>> t1 = Point(x=11, y=22)
>>> t2 = Point(x=11, y=23)
>>> pprint (DeepDiff(t1, t2))
{'values_changed': {'root.y': {'newvalue': 23, 'oldvalue': 22}}}

自定义对象:

>>> class ClassA(object):
...     a = 1
...     def __init__(self, b):
...         self.b = b
... 
>>> t1 = ClassA(1)
>>> t2 = ClassA(2)
>>> 
>>> pprint(DeepDiff(t1, t2))
{'values_changed': {'root.b': {'newvalue': 2, 'oldvalue': 1}}}

添加了对象属性:

>>> t2.c = "new attribute"
>>> pprint(DeepDiff(t1, t2))
{'attribute_added': ['root.c'],
 'values_changed': {'root.b': {'newvalue': 2, 'oldvalue': 1}}}

答案 4 :(得分:15)

如果您真的在研究性能,那么请使用numpy!

这是完整的笔记本,作为github上的要点,列表,numpy和pandas之间的比较。

https://gist.github.com/denfromufa/2821ff59b02e9482be15d27f2bbd4451

enter image description here

答案 5 :(得分:12)

我会投入,因为现有的解决方案都没有产生元组:

temp3 = tuple(set(temp1) - set(temp2))

或者:

#edited using @Mark Byers idea. If you accept this one as answer, just accept his instead.
temp3 = tuple(x for x in temp1 if x not in set(temp2))

就像其他非元组在这个方向上产生答案一样,它保留了顺序

答案 6 :(得分:12)

最简单的方法,

使用 set()。difference(set())

list_a = [1,2,3]
list_b = [2,3]
print set(list_a).difference(set(list_b))

答案是set([1])

可以打印为列表,

print list(set(list_a).difference(set(list_b)))

答案 7 :(得分:12)

可以使用python XOR运算符完成。

  • 这将删除每个列表中的重复项
  • 这将显示temp1与temp1和temp2与temp1的区别。
set(temp1) ^ set(temp2)

答案 8 :(得分:9)

这可能比马克的列表理解更快:

list(itertools.filterfalse(set(temp2).__contains__, temp1))

答案 9 :(得分:9)

试试这个:

temp3 = set(temp1) - set(temp2)

答案 10 :(得分:9)

我想要的东西需要两个列表,并且可以执行diff中的bash。因为当你搜索“python diff two lists”并且不是非常具体时会弹出这个问题,我会发布我想出的内容。

使用difflib中的SequenceMather,您可以比较diff这样的两个列表。其他答案都没有告诉你差异发生的位置,但这个答案会发生。一些答案仅在一个方向上产生差异。有些人重新排序元素。有些人不处理重复。但是这个解决方案为您提供了两个列表之间的真正区别:

a = 'A quick fox jumps the lazy dog'.split()
b = 'A quick brown mouse jumps over the dog'.split()

from difflib import SequenceMatcher

for tag, i, j, k, l in SequenceMatcher(None, a, b).get_opcodes():
  if tag == 'equal': print('both have', a[i:j])
  if tag in ('delete', 'replace'): print('  1st has', a[i:j])
  if tag in ('insert', 'replace'): print('  2nd has', b[k:l])

输出:

both have ['A', 'quick']
  1st has ['fox']
  2nd has ['brown', 'mouse']
both have ['jumps']
  2nd has ['over']
both have ['the']
  1st has ['lazy']
both have ['dog']

当然,如果您的应用程序做出与其他答案相同的假设,您将从中受益最多。但如果您正在寻找真正的diff功能,那么这是唯一的方法。

例如,其他答案都无法处理:

a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [5,4,3,2,1]

但是这个确实:

  2nd has [5, 4, 3, 2]
both have [1]
  1st has [2, 3, 4, 5]

答案 11 :(得分:6)

这是最简单案例的Counter答案。

这比上面的双向差异更短,因为它只能完成问题所要求的:生成第一个列表中的内容列表而不是第二个列表中的内容。

from collections import Counter

lst1 = ['One', 'Two', 'Three', 'Four']
lst2 = ['One', 'Two']

c1 = Counter(lst1)
c2 = Counter(lst2)
diff = list((c1 - c2).elements())

或者,根据您的可读性偏好,它会产生一个像样的单行:

diff = list((Counter(lst1) - Counter(lst2)).elements())

输出:

['Three', 'Four']

请注意,如果您只是对其进行迭代,则可以删除list(...)来电。

由于此解决方案使用计数器,因此与许多基于集合的答案相比,它可以正确处理数量。例如,在此输入上:

lst1 = ['One', 'Two', 'Two', 'Two', 'Three', 'Three', 'Four']
lst2 = ['One', 'Two']

输出结果为:

['Two', 'Two', 'Three', 'Three', 'Four']

答案 12 :(得分:5)

如果对difflist的元素进行排序和设置,则可以使用朴素方法。

list1=[1,2,3,4,5]
list2=[1,2,3]

print list1[len(list2):]

或使用本机设置方法:

subset=set(list1).difference(list2)

print subset

import timeit
init = 'temp1 = list(range(100)); temp2 = [i * 2 for i in range(50)]'
print "Naive solution: ", timeit.timeit('temp1[len(temp2):]', init, number = 100000)
print "Native set solution: ", timeit.timeit('set(temp1).difference(temp2)', init, number = 100000)

天真的解决方案:0.0787101593292

原生集合解决方案:0.998837615564

答案 13 :(得分:5)

我在游戏中为时已晚,但您可以对上面提到的一些代码的性能进行比较,其中两个最快的竞争者是,

list(set(x).symmetric_difference(set(y)))
list(set(x) ^ set(y))

我为编码的基本级别道歉。

import time
import random
from itertools import filterfalse

# 1 - performance (time taken)
# 2 - correctness (answer - 1,4,5,6)
# set performance
performance = 1
numberoftests = 7

def answer(x,y,z):
    if z == 0:
        start = time.clock()
        lists = (str(list(set(x)-set(y))+list(set(y)-set(y))))
        times = ("1 = " + str(time.clock() - start))
        return (lists,times)

    elif z == 1:
        start = time.clock()
        lists = (str(list(set(x).symmetric_difference(set(y)))))
        times = ("2 = " + str(time.clock() - start))
        return (lists,times)

    elif z == 2:
        start = time.clock()
        lists = (str(list(set(x) ^ set(y))))
        times = ("3 = " + str(time.clock() - start))
        return (lists,times)

    elif z == 3:
        start = time.clock()
        lists = (filterfalse(set(y).__contains__, x))
        times = ("4 = " + str(time.clock() - start))
        return (lists,times)

    elif z == 4:
        start = time.clock()
        lists = (tuple(set(x) - set(y)))
        times = ("5 = " + str(time.clock() - start))
        return (lists,times)

    elif z == 5:
        start = time.clock()
        lists = ([tt for tt in x if tt not in y])
        times = ("6 = " + str(time.clock() - start))
        return (lists,times)

    else:    
        start = time.clock()
        Xarray = [iDa for iDa in x if iDa not in y]
        Yarray = [iDb for iDb in y if iDb not in x]
        lists = (str(Xarray + Yarray))
        times = ("7 = " + str(time.clock() - start))
        return (lists,times)

n = numberoftests

if performance == 2:
    a = [1,2,3,4,5]
    b = [3,2,6]
    for c in range(0,n):
        d = answer(a,b,c)
        print(d[0])

elif performance == 1:
    for tests in range(0,10):
        print("Test Number" + str(tests + 1))
        a = random.sample(range(1, 900000), 9999)
        b = random.sample(range(1, 900000), 9999)
        for c in range(0,n):
            #if c not in (1,4,5,6):
            d = answer(a,b,c)
            print(d[1])

答案 14 :(得分:4)

如果遇到TypeError: unhashable type: 'list',则需要将列表或集合转换为元组,例如

set(map(tuple, list_of_lists1)).symmetric_difference(set(map(tuple, list_of_lists2)))

另见How to compare a list of lists/sets in python?

答案 15 :(得分:3)

以下是一些简单的 保留订单 方法来区分两个字符串列表。

<强>代码

使用pathlib的一种不寻常的方法:

Q2<-daily_SPEC %>%
             group_by('Parameter Name', add=FALSE)%>%
             summarize(Mean_by_chemical=mean(daily_SPEC$"Arithmetic Mean", 
na.rm=TRUE))
Q2
  Mean_by_chemical
1          105.401

这假设两个列表都包含具有等效开头的字符串。有关详细信息,请参阅docs。请注意,与设置操作相比,它并不是特别快。

使用itertools.zip_longest的直接实施:

import pathlib


temp1 = ["One", "Two", "Three", "Four"]
temp2 = ["One", "Two"]

p = pathlib.Path(*temp1)
r = p.relative_to(*temp2)
list(r.parts)
# ['Three', 'Four']

答案 16 :(得分:3)

如果你想要更像变更集的东西......可以使用Counter

from collections import Counter

def diff(a, b):
  """ more verbose than needs to be, for clarity """
  ca, cb = Counter(a), Counter(b)
  to_add = cb - ca
  to_remove = ca - cb
  changes = Counter(to_add)
  changes.subtract(to_remove)
  return changes

lista = ['one', 'three', 'four', 'four', 'one']
listb = ['one', 'two', 'three']

In [127]: diff(lista, listb)
Out[127]: Counter({'two': 1, 'one': -1, 'four': -2})
# in order to go from lista to list b, you need to add a "two", remove a "one", and remove two "four"s

In [128]: diff(listb, lista)
Out[128]: Counter({'four': 2, 'one': 1, 'two': -1})
# in order to go from listb to lista, you must add two "four"s, add a "one", and remove a "two"

答案 17 :(得分:3)

这是另一种解决方案:

def diff(a, b):
    xa = [i for i in set(a) if i not in b]
    xb = [i for i in set(b) if i not in a]
    return xa + xb

答案 18 :(得分:3)

单行版 arulmr 解决方案

def diff(listA, listB):
    return set(listA) - set(listB) | set(listA) -set(listB)

答案 19 :(得分:2)

这可以用一行解决。 问题是两个列表(temp1和temp2)在第三个列表(temp3)中返​​回它们的差异。

temp3 = list(set(temp1).difference(set(temp2)))

答案 20 :(得分:2)

我们可以计算交集减去联合列表:

temp1 = ['One', 'Two', 'Three', 'Four']
temp2 = ['One', 'Two', 'Five']

set(temp1+temp2)-(set(temp1)&set(temp2))

Out: set(['Four', 'Five', 'Three']) 

答案 21 :(得分:2)

如果您应该从列表 a 中删除所有存在于列表 b 中的值。

def list_diff(a, b):
    r = []

    for i in a:
        if i not in b:
            r.append(i)
    return r

list_diff([1,2,2], [1])

结果:[2,2]

def list_diff(a, b):
    return [x for x in a if x not in b]

答案 22 :(得分:1)

假设我们有两个列表

list1 = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

从上面的两个列表中我们可以看到列表2中存在项目1、3、5,而项目7、9中则没有。另一方面,列表1中存在项目1、3、5,而项目2、4中不存在。

返回包含项目7、9和2、4的新列表的最佳解决方案是什么?

以上所有答案都找到了解决方案,现在最最佳的是什么?

def difference(list1, list2):
    new_list = []
    for i in list1:
        if i not in list2:
            new_list.append(i)

    for j in list2:
        if j not in list1:
            new_list.append(j)
    return new_list

def sym_diff(list1, list2):
    return list(set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2)))

使用时间我们可以看到结果

t1 = timeit.Timer("difference(list1, list2)", "from __main__ import difference, 
list1, list2")
t2 = timeit.Timer("sym_diff(list1, list2)", "from __main__ import sym_diff, 
list1, list2")

print('Using two for loops', t1.timeit(number=100000), 'Milliseconds')
print('Using two for loops', t2.timeit(number=100000), 'Milliseconds')

返回

[7, 9, 2, 4]
Using two for loops 0.11572412995155901 Milliseconds
Using symmetric_difference 0.11285737506113946 Milliseconds

Process finished with exit code 0

答案 23 :(得分:1)

我知道这个问题已经得到了很好的答案,但我希望使用 numpy 添加以下方法。

temp1 = ['One', 'Two', 'Three', 'Four']
temp2 = ['One', 'Two']

list(np.setdiff1d(temp1,temp2))

['Four', 'Three'] #Output

答案 24 :(得分:0)

这是区分两个列表(无论内容是什么)的简单方法,您可以得到如下所示的结果:

>>> from sets import Set
>>>
>>> l1 = ['xvda', False, 'xvdbb', 12, 'xvdbc']
>>> l2 = ['xvda', 'xvdbb', 'xvdbc', 'xvdbd', None]
>>>
>>> Set(l1).symmetric_difference(Set(l2))
Set([False, 'xvdbd', None, 12])

希望这会有所帮助。

答案 25 :(得分:0)

我更喜欢使用转换为集合,然后使用“ difference()”函数。完整的代码是:

temp1 = ['One', 'Two', 'Three', 'Four'  ]                   
temp2 = ['One', 'Two']
set1 = set(temp1)
set2 = set(temp2)
set3 = set1.difference(set2)
temp3 = list(set3)
print(temp3)

输出:

>>>print(temp3)
['Three', 'Four']

这是最容易理解的,如果将来使用大数据,将来会更容易,如果不需要重复,将其转换为集合将删除重复项。希望对您有所帮助;-)

答案 26 :(得分:0)

您可以循环浏览第一个列表,对于不在第二个列表中但在第一个列表中的每个项目,将其添加到第三个列表中。例如:

temp3 = []
for i in temp1:
    if i not in temp2:
        temp3.append(i)
print(temp3)

答案 27 :(得分:0)

这是@SuperNova 的 answer 的修改版本

def get_diff(a: list, b: list) -> list:
    return list(set(a) ^ set(b))

答案 28 :(得分:-1)

(list(set(a)-set(b))+list(set(b)-set(a)))

答案 29 :(得分:-1)

 apply plugin: 'com.github.johnrengelman.shadow'

           shadowJar {
               zip64 true
               //classifier "shadow" can be mentioned according to need
            mergeServiceFiles()
            artifacts {
                shadow(tasks.shadowJar.archivePath) {
                    builtBy shadowJar
                }
            }
        }
        artifacts {
                archives shadowJar
        }

    distZip {
            dependsOn shadowJar
            //appendix='software'
            eachFile { file ->
                String path = file.relativePath
                file.setPath(path.substring(path.indexOf("/")+1,path.length()))
            }

            doLast{
                        //operation to perform


            }
        }
        distributions {
                main {
                    contents {
                       //from and to can be mentioned here
                    }
                }

            }  

例如如果def diffList(list1, list2): # returns the difference between two lists. if len(list1) > len(list2): return (list(set(list1) - set(list2))) else: return (list(set(list2) - set(list1))) list1 = [10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40],则返回的列表将是list2 = [25, 40, 35]

答案 30 :(得分:-3)

tweets=['manoj', 'shekhar', 'manoj', 'rahul', 'mohit','jyohit','sankar','pappu']
netweets=['manoj','pappu', 'shekhar','mohit','gourav']
netweet = []
for i in tweets:
    if i not in netweets:
        netweet.append(i)
print(netweet)