用列表绘制3D表面图

Question

我正在尝试绘制带有xlist和ylist的3D表面图，它们是一维列表，zlist是列表列表。

xlist=  [0, 0.1,    0.22173,    0.3,    0.4,    0.5,    0.6]
ylist = [0, 0.1,0.4,1,2,5]

zlists = [[0,   0.0100954,  0.05117122, 0.0952171,  0.1628218419,   0.1245, 0.0731856],
         [[0,   0.0101496,  0.0516, 0.09716544, 0.16126,    0.1025817,  0.059077],
         [[0,   0.01096289, 0.05788095, 0.137201,   0.1133218,  0.0638898,  0.0334927],
         [[0,   0.0155434802394,    0.10213,    0.120433828182, 0.0620560791526,    0.0318, 0.019],
         [[0,   0.031145105337, 0.12922959, 0.064018969907, 0.021701508055, 0.006237178,    0.002], 
         [[0,   0.11832666, 0.02912328, 0.00511592, 0.0004291,  0.00005,    0.000006]]

我找到了一个名为Axes3D.plot_surface的合适函数，它可以将数据转换为曲面图：http://matplotlib.org/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/tutorial.html#surface-plots

然而，它要求xlist和ylist也是2D数组。我怎样才能将xlist和ylist转换为所需的2D数组格式，以便能够轻松地用于Axes3D.plot_surface函数。

Answer 1

使用np.meshgrid从xlist和ylist生成2D网格数组：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d as axes3d

xlist =  [0, 0.1,    0.22173,    0.3,    0.4,    0.5,    0.6]
ylist = [0, 0.1, 0.4, 1, 2, 5]

Z = np.array([ 
    [0,   0.0100954,  0.05117122, 0.0952171,  0.1628218419,   0.1245, 0.0731856],
    [0,   0.0101496,  0.0516, 0.09716544, 0.16126,    0.1025817,  0.059077],
    [0,   0.01096289, 0.05788095, 0.137201,   0.1133218,  0.0638898,  0.0334927],
    [0,   0.0155434802394,    0.10213,    0.120433828182, 0.0620560791526,    0.0318, 0.019],
    [0,   0.031145105337, 0.12922959, 0.064018969907, 0.021701508055, 0.006237178,    0.002], 
    [0,   0.11832666, 0.02912328, 0.00511592, 0.0004291,  0.00005,    0.000006]])

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, projection='3d')

X, Y = np.meshgrid(xlist, ylist)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, alpha=0.5, rstride=1, cstride=1)
ax.scatter(xlist[3], ylist[3], Z[3,3], s=50, c='r')
plt.show()

顺便说一句，source code for the example中显示的the plot_surface documentation也使用meshgrid。这将是找到这个答案的另一种方式。