使用多个嵌套循环的最佳方法

时间:2015-09-02 23:26:51

标签: php arrays loops for-loop multidimensional-array

我正在使用php,但也欢迎非语言特定的答案。

我有几个对象数组,我想循环并按顺序输出。每个数组中都有不同类型的对象,但所有对象都有唯一的顺序属性。

例如:

$people = [{'name':'George','email':'George@test.com','order':'2'},{'name...];
$sandwiches = [{'type':'bacon','rating':'8/10','order':'1'},{'type...];
$restaurants = ....
$chefs = ...
...

按顺序循环遍历它们的最有效方法是什么?

假设我可以确定最大顺序,我认为我可以做类似的事情:

for($i=0; $i< $maximumOrder; $i++)
{
   for($j=0; $j< count($people); $j++)
   {
     if($people[$j]->order == $i)
     {
        //Do the things I want to do
        break;
     }
   }


   for($j=0; $j< count($sandwiches); $j++)
   {
     if($sandwiches[$j]->order == $i)
     {
        //Do the things I want to do
        break;
     }
   }


   for($j=0; $j< count($restaurants); $j++)
   {
   .....


}

但这并不是很好,因为即使在人们中找到了具有所需顺序的项目,它仍将继续循环遍历所有其他数组。我可以添加一个布尔变量来显示是否已找到所需的项目(见下文),但我确信有更好的方法可以做到这一点。

    for($i=0; $i< $maximumOrder; $i++)
{
   $found = false;

   for($j=0; $j< count($people); $j++)
   {
     if($people[$j]->order == $i)
     {
        //Do the things I want to do
        $found = true;
        break;
     }
   }

   if(!$found == true)
   {
       for($j=0; $j< count($sandwiches); $j++)
       {
         if($sandwiches[$j]->order == $i)
         {
            //Do the things I want to do
            $found = true;
            break;
         }
       }
    }


   if(!$found == true)
   {
       for($j=0; $j< count($restaurants); $j++)
       {
       .....


}

以下是基于@Victory的答案,添加了一个elseif语句,如果它传递了所需的订单号,则停止while循环(假设这些是现在已排序的数组)。我相信这应该提高效率(至少对于大阵列),但如果我错了,请纠正我吗?

function orderArrayByOrder($a,$b)
{
    return ($a->order < $b->order) ? -1 : 1;
}

$a1 = usort($people, "orderArrayByOrder");
$a2 = usort($sandwiches, "orderArrayByOrder");
$a3 = usort($restaurants, "orderArrayByOrder");


$c1 = count($a1)
$c2 = count($c2)
$c3 = count($c3)

$i1 = 0
$i2 = 0
$i3 = 0


// itertor over order
for ($curOrder ... $maxorder) 
{

   while ($i1 < $c1)
   {
      if($a1[$i1]->order == $curOrder)
      {
        //Do what I need to do
        break;
      }
      elseif($a1[$i1]->order > $curOrder)
      {
        //We know the order won't exist in this array.
        break; 
      }
      $i1++;
   }

   while ($i2 < $c2) 
   {
      if($a2[$i2]->order == $curOrder)
      {
        //Do what I need to do
        break;
      }
      elseif($a2[$i2]->order > $curOrder)
      {
        break;
      }
      $i1++;
   }

}

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

基本上你需要对每个数组进行排序并找到maxorder,然后循环遍历订单索引并使用给定的顺序打印项目。这是O(N Log(N)),因为N = max number of elements

的排序

这是一些伪代码

  • 对每个数组进行排序(在php中使用usort) - O(N log(N))

  • 找到maxorder(遍历每个) - O(N)

  • 为每个索引创建一个数组

  • 获取每个索引的长度并存储

$a1 = usort($people, function(){})
$a2 = usort($places, function(){})
$a3 = usort($things, function(){})

$c1 = count($a1)
$c2 = count($c2)
$c3 = count($c3)

$i1 = 0
$i2 = 0
$i3 = 0

// itertor over order
for ($curOrder ... $maxorder) {
   // while $a1 is on current order and its index is in bound
   while ($i1 < $c1 && $a1[$i1]->order == $curOrder) {
      echo $a1[$i1]->value;
       $i1++;
   }

   while ($i2 < $c2 && $a2->order == $curOrder) {
      echo $a2[$i2]->value;
      $i2++;
  }
   while ($i3 < $c3 && $a3->order == $curOrder) {
      echo $a3[$i3]->value;
      $i3++;
  }
}

答案 1 :(得分:1)

如果按对象的顺序值重新索引每个数组,则可以在固定时间内检索具有给定顺序的对象。代码检索O(n)中的所有相关对象,因为您正在查看每个元素的次数(注意嵌套循环已被删除)。

$peopleByOrder = array();
$sandwichesByOrder = array();
$restaurantsByOrder = array();
$uniqueOrderKeys = array();

foreach($people as $person) {
    $peopleByOrder[$person->order] = $person;
    $uniqueOrderKeys[$person->order] = 1;
}

// same for $sandwichesByOrder and $restaurantsByOrder

foreach(array_keys($uniqueOrderKeys) as $oderKey) {

    if(isset($peopleByOrder[$orderKey])) {
      $person = $peopleByOrder[$orderKey];
    }
    else if(isset($sandwichesByOrder[$orderKey])) {
      $sandwich = $sandwichesByOrder[$orderKey];
    }
    else if(isset($restaurantsByOrder[$orderKey])) {
      $restaurant = $restaurantsByOrder[$orderKey];
    }
}