我刚开始学习Haskell。我试图实现一个函数,它接受一个数字作为它的输入,并根据它的值返回-1,0或1。输入可以是任何数字(整数或浮点)。这是代码:
signum :: (Num a) => a -> Int
signum x
| x > 0 = 1
| x < 0 = -1
| otherwise = 0
但是当我尝试将其加载到 ghci 时,它会显示以下错误:
[1 of 1] Compiling Main ( run_it.hs, interpreted )
run_it.hs:7:13:
Could not deduce (Ord a) arising from a use of `>'
from the context (Num a)
bound by the type signature for Main.signum :: Num a => a -> Int
at run_it.hs:5:11-29
Possible fix:
add (Ord a) to the context of
the type signature for Main.signum :: Num a => a -> Int
In the expression: x > 0
In a stmt of a pattern guard for
an equation for `signum':
x > 0
In an equation for `signum':
signum x
| x > 0 = 1
| x < 0 = - 1
| otherwise = 0
Failed, modules loaded: none.
这个错误是什么意思?
答案 0 :(得分:6)
方法>
在Ord
类中定义,因此您需要为类型签名添加其他约束:
signum :: (Ord a, Num a) => a -> Int
在GHCi中,您可以使用:i <Class>
查看类的方法,例如:
*Main> :i Ord
class Eq a => Ord a where
compare :: a -> a -> Ordering
(<) :: a -> a -> Bool
(<=) :: a -> a -> Bool
(>) :: a -> a -> Bool
(>=) :: a -> a -> Bool
[...]
或者,您可以检查方法本身:
*Main> :i (>)
class Eq a => Ord a where
...
(>) :: a -> a -> Bool
...
-- Defined in ‘GHC.Classes’
infix 4 >
原始signum
没有此约束的原因是因为它不使用Ord
中的方法。相反,它使用专门针对某个类型的函数(如ltInt
)或模式匹配(请参阅Word
实例):https://hackage.haskell.org/package/base-4.8.0.0/docs/src/GHC-Num.html#signum