Question

我想计算以下物种群体中的Mahalanobis distance：

i）有两组以上（超过两个）。
ii）要考虑多个变量（此类物种的特征）。
iii）每组有多个观察结果（在数据框中，它表示每个种类有多个行）。

我试图了解在这种情况下如何在R中运行mahalanobis函数。这个问题类似于：

Mahalanobis distance on R for more than 2 groups

但是，只使用了一个变量。怎么能有多个变量？

下面是一个例子，我相信它会重现我的实际数据。

Sp. X1  X2  X3
A   0.7 11  215
B   0.8 7   214
B   0.8 6.5 187
C   0.3 4   456
D   0.4 3   111
A   0.1 7   205
A   0.2 7   196
C   0.1 9.3 77
D   0.6 8   135
D   0.8 4   167
B   0.4 6   228
C   0.1 5   214
A   0.4 7   156
C   0.5 2   344

<子> SP。 =物种; X1，X2和X3是观察到的变量。

在真实数据集中，有超过50种物种，观测数量各不相同（从100行/每千种到1000种）。

Answer 1

这是我使用HDMD包中的pairwise.mahalanobis函数获得的：

#data
a = structure(list(Sp = structure(c(1L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L,4L, 4L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 3L), .Label = c("A", "B", "C", "D"), class = "factor"), 
                   X1 = c(0.7, 0.8, 0.8, 0.3, 0.4, 0.1, 0.2, 0.1, 0.6, 0.8,0.4, 0.1, 0.4, 0.5), 
                   X2 = c(11, 7, 6.5, 4, 3, 7, 7, 9.3,8, 4, 6, 5, 7, 2), 
                   X3 = c(215L, 214L, 187L, 456L, 111L, 205L,196L, 77L, 135L, 167L, 228L, 214L, 156L, 344L)),
              .Names = c("Sp","X1", "X2", "X3"), 
              row.names = c(NA, -14L),
              class = "data.frame")

library(HDMD) #pairwise.mahalanobis function
library(cluster) #agnes function

group = matrix(a$Sp) #what is being compared
group = t(group[,1]) #prepare for pairwise.mahalanobis function

variables = c("X1","X2","X3") #variables (what is being used for comparison)
variables = as.matrix(a[,variables]) #prepare for pairwise.mahalanobis function

mahala_sq = pairwise.mahalanobis(x=variables, grouping=group) #get squared mahalanobis distances (see mahala_sq$distance).
names = rownames(mahala_sq$means) #capture labels

mahala = sqrt(mahala_sq$distance) #mahalanobis distance
rownames(mahala) = names #set rownames in the dissimilarity matrix
colnames(mahala) = names #set colnames in the dissimilarity matrix

mahala #this is the mahalanobis dissimilarity matrix 

         A        B         C         D
A  0.00000 17.78689  86.83294  62.65437
B 17.78689  0.00000  69.07937  80.31577
C 86.83294 69.07937   0.00000 149.36579
D 62.65437 80.31577 149.36579   0.00000

#This is how I used the dissimilarity matrix to find clusters.
cluster = agnes(mahala,diss=TRUE,keep.diss=FALSE,method="complete") #hierarchical clustering
plot(cluster,which.plots=2) #plot dendrogram

马哈拉诺比斯距离，每组多次观察

1 个答案: