我有一个代码，我试图从IDL复制到Python。我有大部分复制并且它有效，除了当我尝试通过broyden1非线性解算器运行我编写的函数（称为broyfunc）时，我收到错误消息，我不能使用infs数组或NaNs。我也不知道怎么去检查这个。我已经包含了我的错误消息和我的代码。谢谢！
import numpy as np
import scipy
import sympy
import sympy.mpmath as mpmath
# Inputs needed for AN_RC_MOD
p0 = 1.5 # reference pressure (surface pressure) [bar]
T0 = 94 # temperature at reference pressure [K]
Ttoa = 175 # temperature at top of atmosphere (assumed as stratopause) [K]
F1 = 1.5 # flux absorbed in channel '1' (assumed to be "stratosphere") [W/m**2]
F2 = 1.1 # flux absorbed in channel '2' (assumed to be "troposphere") [W/m**2]
F20 = 0.75 # flux absorbed in channel '2' down to reference level p0 [W/m**2]
Fi = 0 # internal heat flux [W/m**2]
gam = 1.4 # ratio of specific heats, cp/cv (see Eq. 8 of RC12)
alpha = 0.77 # empirical adjustment to dry adiabatic lapse rate (see Eq. 10 of RC12)
n = 4/3 # scaling parameter that relates tau ~ p^n, where tau is gray thermal optical depth (see Eq.6 of RC12)
beta = alpha*((gam-1)/gam)
# Outputs:
# taurc - gray thermal optical depth of radiative-convective boundary
# tau0 - gray thermal optical depth down to reference pressure p0
# k1 - attenuation parameter for channel '1' [dimensionless]
# k2 - attenuation parameter for channel '2' [dimensionless]
# Important constants
sigma = 5.67e-8 # Stefan-Boltzmann constant [J/s/m**2/K**4]
D = 1.66 # diffusivity factory, (see, e.g., Rodgers & Walshaw 1966)
# Need inputs for: (numbers are for Titan, from Example_w_fluxes.pro)
#F1C = F1 ;flux absorbed in channel '1' (assumed to be "stratosphere") [W/m**2]
#F20C = F20 ;flux absorbed in channel '2' down to reference level p0 [W/m**2]
#F2C = F2 ;flux absorbed in channel '2' (assumed to be "troposphere") [W/m**2]
#FiC = Fi ;internal heat flux [W/m**2]
#T0C = T0 ;temperature at reference pressure [K]
#p0C = p0 ;reference pressure (e.g., surface pressure) [bar]
#TtoaC = Ttoa ;temperature at top of atmosphere [K]
#nC = n ;scaling power between gray optical depth and pressure
#betaC = alpha*(gam - 1.)/gam ;beta defined in Eq. 11 of RC12
# Need inputs for: (numbers are for Titan, from Example_w_fluxes.pro)
#F1C = F1 ;flux absorbed in channel '1' (assumed to be "stratosphere") [W/m**2]
#F20C = F20 ;flux absorbed in channel '2' down to reference level p0 [W/m**2]
#F2C = F2 ;flux absorbed in channel '2' (assumed to be "troposphere") [W/m**2]
#FiC = Fi ;internal heat flux [W/m**2]
#T0C = T0 ;temperature at reference pressure [K]
#p0C = p0 ;reference pressure (e.g., surface pressure) [bar]
#TtoaC = Ttoa ;temperature at top of atmosphere [K]
#nC = n ;scaling power between gray optical depth and pressure
#betaC = alpha*(gam - 1.)/gam ;beta defined in Eq. 11 of RC12
# x[0] = optical depth of Radiative-Convective boundary, taurc
# x[1] = total thermal optical depth down to reference pressure p0 (tau0)
# initial guess that R-C boundary is at D*taurc~1, and tau0~10*p0^n
x = [1/D, 10*p0**n] # initial guesses of taurc and tau0, respectively
print x
# Define function F for Broyden optimization
def broyfunc(x):
# Variables
taurc = x[0] # current value of optical depth of r-c boundary
tau0 = x[1] # current value of total thermal optical depth down to reference pressure p0
# Compute fluxes and temperatures at r-c boundary ;;;
# first check if solver is attempting to use negative values for the
# optical depths (which is unphysical), and, if so, return large numbers
# to the solver to prevent it from trying such values as solutions
if x[0] < 0 or x[1] < 0:
x = [1.e3,1.e3]
print x
else:
x = x
# Shortwave optical depth in channel "2" is given by
# LOG( F2/(F2-F20) ), and k2 is defined as the ratio of
# this to the thermal optical depth at p0 (i.e., tau0)
if F2 > 0:
k2 = math.log(F2/(F2-F20))/tau0
else:
# if the flux in channel "2" is zero,
# then no attenuation in this channel
k2 = 0
# k1 is computed by requiring the radiative temperature profile
# to equal the top-of-atmosphere temperature (Ttoa, set by user),
# which is accomplished by evaluating Eq. 18 in RC12 at tau=0
if F1 > 0:
k1 = D*( 2/F1*( sigma*Ttoa**4 - Fi/2 - F2/2*(1 + k2/D) ) - 1 )
else:
# if the flux in channel "1" is zero,
# then no attenuation in this channel
k1 = 0
# return values of k1, k2 to user
k1C = k1 # attenuation parameter for channel '1' (assumed as "stratosphere")
k2C = k2 # attenuation parameter for channel '2' (assumed as "troposphere")
print 'k1C', k1C
print 'k2C', k2C
# four cases: (1) both k1, k2 are greater than zero
# (2) k1 greater than zero, k2 equal to (or less than) zero
# (3) k2 greater than zero, k1 equal to (or less than) zero
# (4) both k1, k2, are equal to (or less than) zero
# case 1: both k1, k2 are greater than zero #
if k1 > 0 and k2 > 0:
# upwelling thermal flux at R-C boundary from radiative equilibrium (RC12 Eq. 19)
Fup_r = (F1/2)*(1 + (D/k1) + (1 - D/k1)*math.exp(-k1*taurc)) + (F2/2)*(1 + (D/k2) + (1 - D/k2)*math.exp(-k2*taurc)) + (Fi/2)*(2 + D*taurc)
# temperature at R-C boundary from radiative equilibrium (RC12 Eq. 18)
sigmaT_r = F1/2*(1 + D/k1 + (k1/D - D/k1)*math.exp(-k1*taurc)) + F2/2*(1 + D/k2 + (k2/D - D/k2)*math.exp(-k2*taurc)) + Fi/2*(1 + D*taurc)
T_r = (sigmaT_r/sigma)**0.25
# case 2: k1 greater than zero, k2 equal to (or less than) zero #
if k1 > 0 and k2 < 0:
k2C = 0
# upwelling thermal flux at R-C boundary from radiative equilibrium (RC12 Eq. 19)
Fup_r = F1/2*(1 + D/k1 + (1 - D/k1)*math.exp(-k1*taurc)) + F2/2*(2 + D*taurc) + Fi/2*(2 + D*taurc)
# temperature at R-C boundary from radiative equilibrium (RC12 Eq. 18)
sigmaT_r = F1/2*(1 + D/k1 + (k1/D - D/k1)*math.exp(-k1*taurc)) + F2/2*(1 + D*taurc) + Fi/2*(1 + D*taurc)
T_r = (sigmaT_r/sigma)**0.25
# case 3: k2 greater than zero, k1 equal to (or less than) zero #
if k1 < 0 and k2 > 0:
k1C = 0
# upwelling thermal flux at R-C boundary from radiative equilibrium (RC12 Eq. 19)
Fup_r = F1/2*(2 + D*taurc) + F2/2*(1 + D/k2 + (1 - D/k2)*math.exp(-k2*taurc)) + Fi/2*(2 + D*taurc)
# temperature at R-C boundary from radiative equilibrium (RC12 Eq. 18)
sigmaT_r = F1/2*(1 + D*taurc) + F2/2*(1 + D/k2 + (k2/D - D/k2)*math.exp(-k2*taurc)) + Fi/2*(1 + D*taurc)
T_r = (sigmaT_r/sigma)**0.25
# case 4: both k1, k2, are equal to (or less than) zero
if k1 < 0 and k2 < 0:
k1C = 0
k2C = 0
# upwelling thermal flux at R-C boundary from radiative equilibrium (RC12 Eq. 19)
Fup_r = F1/2*(2 + D*taurc) + F2/2*(2 + D*taurc) + Fi/2*(2 + D*taurc)
# temperature at R-C boundary from radiative equilibrium (RC12 Eq. 18)
sigmaT_r = F1/2*(1 + D*taurc) + F2/2*(1 + D*taurc) + Fi/2*(1 + D*taurc)
T_r = (sigmaT_r/sigma)**0.25
# Upwelling thermal flux at R-C boundary from convective region (RC12 Eq. 13)
#Fup_c = sigma*T0**4*math.exp(D*taurc)*((math.exp(-D*tau0)) + (1/((D*tau0)**(4*beta/n)))*(mpmath.gammainc(1+(4*beta/n),D*tau0) - mpmath.gammainc(1+(4*beta/n),D*taurc)))
#Fup_c = (sigma*T0**4)*math.exp(D*taurc)*(math.exp((-D*tau0) + 1/(D*tau0)**(4*beta/n)*mpmath.gammainc(1+4*beta/n)*(mpmath.gammainc(1+4*beta/n, D*tau0) - mpmath.gammainc(1+4*beta/n,D*taurc))))
a1 = D*taurc
a2 = -D*tau0
a3 = D*taurc
a4 = D*tau0
b1 = (4*beta)/n
b2 = b1 + 1
Fup_c1 = (sigma*T0**4)*(math.exp(a1))
Fup_c2 = math.exp(a2)
Fup_c3 = 1/(a4**b1)
Fup_c4 = mpmath.gammainc(b2, a3)
Fup_c5 = mpmath.gammainc(b2, a4)
Fup_c = Fup_c1*(Fup_c2 + (Fup_c3*(Fup_c4 - Fup_c5)))
# temperature at R-C boundary from convective region (RC12 Eq. 11)
T_c = T0*(taurc/tau0)**(beta/n)
print 'D*taurc', D*taurc
print 'Fup_r', Fup_r
print 'Fup_c', Fup_c
print 'T_r', T_r
print 'T_c', T_c
# system is solved when the temperatures and upwelling fluxes are continuous
# at the R-C boundary, so the solver attempts to minimize the difference
# between these quantities as computed from the radiative expressions and the
# convective expressions
#result = np.dtype('f8')
result = [T_r - T_c, Fup_r - Fup_c]
print result
# essentially we solve simultaneous equations:
# T_r - T_c = 0 and Fup_r - Fup_c = 0
broyfunc(x)
#y = np.dtype('f8')
y = scipy.optimize.broyden1(broyfunc, x)
ValueError Traceback（最近一次调用最后一次） in（） 183 y = np.dtype（＆＃39; f8＆＃39;） 184打印x - ＆GT; 185 y = scipy.optimize.broyden1（broyfunc，x，iter = 10） 186
// anaconda / lib / python2.7 / site-packages / scipy / optimize / nonlin.pyc in broyden1（F，xin，iter，alpha，reduction_method，max_rank，verbose，maxiter，f_tol，f_rtol，x_tol，x_rtol ，tol_norm，line_search，callback，** kw）
// anaconda / lib / python2.7 / site-packages / scipy / optimize / nonlin.pyc in nonlin_solve（F，x0，jacobian，iter，verbose，maxiter，f_tol，f_rtol，x_tol，x_rtol，tol_norm，line_search ，callback，full_output，raise_exception） 279 dx = np.inf 280 Fx = func（x） - ＆GT; 281 Fx_norm = norm（Fx） 282 283 jacobian = asjacobian（jacobian）
// anaconda / lib / python2.7 / site-packages / scipy / linalg / misc.pyc in norm（a，ord） 115＃与numpy的区别仅在于非限制性处理和使用 116＃blas - ＆GT; 117 a = np.asarray_chkfinite（a） 118如果ord in（None，2）和（a.ndim == 1）和（a.dtype.char in＆＃39; fdFD＆＃39;）： 119＃使用blas来获得快速稳定的欧几里德范数
asarray_chkfinite中的 // anaconda / lib / python2.7 / site-packages / numpy / lib / function_base.pyc（a，dtype，order） 588如果apectype中的a.dtype.char [＆＃39; AllFloat＆＃39;]而不是np.isfinite（a）.all（）： 589引发ValueError（ - ＆GT; 590＆＃34;数组不得包含infs或NaNs＆＃34;） 591返回a 592ValueError：数组不能包含infs或NaNs
答案 0 :(得分：0)
最直接的问题是你没有从broyfunc返回任何内容：
#result = np.dtype('f8')
result = [T_r - T_c, Fup_r - Fup_c]
print result
因此所有的broyden集成商都看到了有效的
>>> scipy.optimize.broyden1(lambda x: None, 0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
[...]
ValueError: array must not contain infs or NaNs
（可怕的错误信息，诚然。）
添加return result后，我得到类似
[...]
k1C 114.773687493
k2C 0.0688650670293
D*taurc 23.3390821136
Fup_r 9.7427665389
Fup_c 3.96039873101838
T_r 113.899157512
T_c 90.592872808
[23.306284704464417, mpf('5.782367807885139')]
[1000.0, 1000.0]
k1C 114.8261008
k2C -0.00260762458087
Traceback (most recent call last):
[...]
OverflowError: math range error
但这是一个单独的问题，需要实际考虑你的代码应该做什么。 ; - ）
还有一个值得警告的问题是：你写了
n = 4/3 # scaling parameter that relates tau ~ p^n, where tau is gray thermal optical depth (see Eq.6 of RC12)
但你使用的是Python 2，所以你有整数除法：
>>> n = 4/3
>>> n
1
升级到Python 3（最好），通过添加小数点（4./3）确保所有内容都是浮点数，或者 - 如果你遇到Python 2并且这是我的建议正在处理数字代码 - 将from __future__ import division添加到程序的开头，以便获得
>>> from __future__ import division
>>> 4/3
1.3333333333333333