我创建了一个程序,使用rand()在C中生成重复的数字。
但重复的数字不会跟随Central Limit Theorem
任何人都可以解决这个rand()bug问题,或者除了使用rand()C库生成更好的随机数之外还有其他选择吗?
这是屏幕截图:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <windows.h>
#define TOTAL_THROW 10000000
typedef enum _COINTOSS {
UNDEFINED = 0,
HEAD = 1,
TAIL = 2
} COINTOSS;
COINTOSS toss_coin () {
int x = rand() % 2;
if (x == 0) return HEAD;
else if (x == 1) return TAIL;
}
void main () {
int x, i, j, v1 = 0, v2 = 200, total = 0;
int head_range[25] = {0};
int tail_range[25] = {0};
int no_range = 0;
int count = 0;
int repeated = 0;
COINTOSS previos_toss = UNDEFINED;
COINTOSS current_toss;
srand(time(NULL));
for (i=0; i<TOTAL_THROW; i++) {
current_toss = toss_coin(); // current toss
if (previos_toss == current_toss) {
count++;
} else {
if (current_toss == HEAD) head_range[count] += 1;
else if (current_toss == TAIL) tail_range[count] += 1;
previos_toss = current_toss;
count = 0;
}
}
for (i=24; i>=0; i--) {
printf("+%d = %d\n", i+1, head_range[i]);
}
puts("________________\n");
for (i=0; i<25; i++) {
printf("-%d = %d\n", i+1, tail_range[i]);
}
printf("\nTOTAL_THROW: %d\n", TOTAL_THROW);
printf("\nPress [ENTER] to exit. . .");
getchar();
}
答案 0 :(得分:4)
您的问题是使用模数将随机数输入所需的范围,该范围使用较低的位(它是经典的问题):
int x = rand() % 2;
rand()
(a linear congruential generator(LCG))的低位不像高位那样随机。这适用于所有LCG,无论图书馆或语言如何。
对于[0..N]的范围,你应该做这样的事情(使用高位):
int r = rand() / ( RAND_MAX / N + 1 );