Question

这是我的代码模拟python中的代码，模拟3维随机游走。它返回步行返回原点的百分比。 Polya的常数是步行返回原点的概率约为34％。我的百分比只有11-12％。如果我乘三（作为猜测），答案变得非常接近Polya的常数，但大多数时候它看起来接近36％。请告诉我这个问题的数学，逻辑或编码错误。提前致谢。

def r3walk(T):
x = np.zeros((T))
y = np.zeros((T))
z = np.zeros((T))
count = 0
for t in range(1,T):
    walk = random.uniform(0.0,1.0)
    if 0 < walk < 1/float(6):
        x[t] = x[t-1] + 1
    elif 1/float(6) < walk < 2/float(6):
        x[t] = x[t-1] - 1
    elif 2/float(6) < walk < 3/float(6):
        y[t] = y[t-1] + 1
    elif 3/float(6) < walk < 4/float(6):
        y[t] = y[t-1] - 1
    elif 4/float(6) < walk < 5/float(6):
        z[t] = z[t-1] + 1
    else: 
        z[t] = z[t-1] - 1
for t in range(1,T):
    if [x[t],y[t],z[t]] == [0,0,0]:
        count += 1
return count/float(T)

编辑代码：

def r32walk(T):
x = np.zeros((T))
y = np.zeros((T))
z = np.zeros((T))
count = 0
for t in range(1,T):
    walk1 = random.uniform(0.0,1.0)
    if walk1 > 0.5:
        x[t] = x[t-1] + 1
    else:
        x[t] = x[t-1] - 1
for t in range(1,T):
    walk2 = random.uniform(0.0,1.0)
    if walk2 > 0.5:
        y[t] = y[t-1] + 1
    else:
        y[t] = y[t-1] - 1
for t in range(1,T):
    walk3 = random.uniform(0.0,1.0)
    if walk3 > 0.5:
        z[t] = z[t-1] + 1
    else:
        z[t] = z[t-1] - 1
for t in range(1,T):
    if [x[t],y[t],z[t]] == [0,0,0]:
        count += 1
#return x,y,z
return count/float(T) * 100

Answer 1

我将此视为Monte Carlo模拟问题;进行大量随机游走，并查看在一些大量步骤中返回原点的比例。最简单的实现是一个单独步行的功能，另一个是重复执行。

import random

def simulation(dimensions, repeats, steps):
    """Simulate probability of returning to the origin."""
    return sum(random_walk(dimensions, steps) 
               for _ in range(repeats)) / float(repeats)

def random_walk(n, s):
    """Whether an n-D random walk returns to the origin within s steps."""
    coords = [0 for _ in range(n)]
    for _ in range(s):
        coords[random.randrange(n)] += random.choice((1, -1))
        if not any(coords):
            return True
    return False

print [simulation(3, 100, 1000) for _ in range(10)]

steps和repeats越大（即越接近＆＃34;真实＆＃34;情况，所有可能的步行都有无数步骤），变化越小我预期的输出。对于显示的数字，我得到：

[0.33, 0.36, 0.34, 0.35, 0.34, 0.29, 0.34, 0.28, 0.31, 0.36]

返回原点进行三维随机游走的概率

1 个答案: