Question

我是Verilog的新手。
我被指派使用pmos和nmos原语编写一个4位CLA。
我找到了一个详细说明原理图的网站：Design of VLSI Systems
CLA为6.5.3。我正在使用静态实现。
从导线c4的原理图开始，我设计了3个原理图来计算导线c1，c2和c3的值。
我粘贴了我的代码：

module carryCMOS(a, b, c_in, sum, c_out);
    // variables
    input [3:0] a, b;
    input c_in;
    output [3:0] sum;
    output c_out;

    // VDD and GND
    supply1 vdd;
    supply0 gnd;

    // internal wires
    wire g0, g1, g2, g3;
    wire p0, p1, p2, p3;
    wire c1, c2, c3, c4;

    // for wire c4
    wire pw_c41, pw_c42, pw_c43, pw_c44;
    wire nw_c41, nw_c42, nw_c43, nw_c44;

    // for wire c3
    wire pw_c31, pw_c32, pw_c33;
    wire nw_c31, nw_c32, nw_c33;

    // for wire c2
    wire pw_c21, pw_c22;
    wire nw_c21, nw_c22;

    // for wire c1
    wire pw_c11;
    wire nw_c11;

    // carry look ahead formulas
    assign g0 = a[0] & b[0];
    assign g1 = a[1] & b[1];
    assign g2 = a[2] & b[2];
    assign g3 = a[3] & b[3];

    assign p0 = a[0] ^ b[0];
    assign p1 = a[1] ^ b[1];
    assign p2 = a[2] ^ b[2];
    assign p3 = a[3] ^ b[3];

    // c4
    pmos pm1_c4(c4, vdd, p3);
    pmos pm2_c4(c4, pw_c41, p2);
    pmos pm3_c4(c4, pw_c42, p1);
    pmos pm4_c4(c4, pw_c43, p0);
    pmos pm5_c4(pw_c41, vdd, g3);
    pmos pm6_c4(pw_c42, pw_c41, g2);
    pmos pm7_c4(pw_c43, pw_c42, g1);
    pmos pm8_c4(pw_c44, pw_c43, g0);
    pmos pm9_c4(c4, pw_c44, c_in);

    nmos nm1_c4(c4, gnd, g3);
    nmos nm2_c4(c4, nw_c41, g2);
    nmos nm3_c4(c4, nw_c42, g1);
    nmos nm4_c4(c4, nw_c43, g0);
    nmos nm5_c4(nw_c41, gnd, p3);
    nmos nm6_c4(nw_c42, nw_c41, p2);
    nmos nm7_c4(nw_c43, nw_c42, p1);
    nmos nm8_c4(nw_c44, nw_c43, p0);
    nmos nm9_c4(c4, nw_c44, c_in);

    // c3
    pmos pm1_c3(c3, vdd, p2);
    pmos pm2_c3(c3, pw_c31, p1);
    pmos pm3_c3(c3, pw_c32, p0);
    pmos pm4_c3(pw_c31, vdd, g2);
    pmos pm5_c3(pw_c32, pw_c31, g1);
    pmos pm6_c3(pw_c33, pw_c32, g0);
    pmos pm7_c3(c3, pw_c33, c_in);

    nmos nm1_c3(c3, gnd, g2);
    nmos nm2_c3(c3, nw_c31, g1);
    nmos nm3_c3(c3, nw_c32, g0);
    nmos nm4_c3(nw_c31, gnd, p2);
    nmos nm5_c3(nw_c32, nw_c31, p1);
    nmos nm6_c3(nw_c33, nw_c32, p0);
    nmos nm7_c3(c3, nw_c33, c_in);

    // c2
    pmos pm1_c2(c2, vdd, p1);
    pmos pm2_c2(c2, pw_c21, p0);
    pmos pm3_c2(pw_c21, vdd, g1);
    pmos pm4_c2(pw_c22, pw_c21, g0);
    pmos pm5_c2(c2, pw_c22, c_in);

    nmos nm1_c2(c2, gnd, g1);
    nmos nm2_c2(c2, nw_c21, g0);
    nmos nm3_c2(nw_c21, gnd, p1);
    nmos nm4_c2(nw_c22, nw_c21, p0);
    nmos nm5_c2(c2, nw_c22, c_in);

    // c1
    pmos pm1_c1(c1, vdd, p0);
    pmos pm2_c1(pw_c11, vdd, g0);
    pmos pm3_c1(c1, pw_c11, c_in);

    nmos nm1_c1(c1, gnd, g0);
    nmos nm2_c1(nw_c11, gnd, p0);
    nmos nm3_c1(c1, nw_c11, c_in);

    // sum and carry
    assign sum[0] = p0 ^ c_in;
    assign sum[1] = p1 ^ (!c1);
    assign sum[2] = p2 ^ (!c2);
    assign sum[3] = p3 ^ (!c3);

    assign c_out = !c4;

endmodule

module test_carry;
    reg [3:0] in1, in2;
    wire [3:0] out;
    reg c_in;
    wire c_out;
    carryCMOS carry(in1, in2, c_in, out, c_out);

    initial begin
        $dumpfile("carry.vcd");
        in1 = 4'd0;
        in2 = 4'd1;
        assign c_in = 0;
        #20;
        $display("time:%d in1:%d in2:%d c_in:%d out:%d c_out:%d", $time, 
            in1, in2, c_in, out, c_out);
        #20;
        in1 = 4'd7;
        in2 = 4'd8;
        assign c_in = 1;
        #20;
        $display("time:%d in1:%d in2:%d c_in:%d out:%d c_out:%d", $time, 
            in1, in2, c_in, out, c_out);
        #20;
        in1 = 4'd5;
        in2 = 4'd1;
        assign c_in = 1;
        #20;
        $display("time:%d in1:%d in2:%d c_in:%d out:%d c_out:%d", $time, 
            in1, in2, c_in, out, c_out);
        #20;
        in1 = 4'd5;
        in2 = 4'd10;
        assign c_in = 0;
        #20;
        $display("time:%d in1:%d in2:%d c_in:%d out:%d c_out:%d", $time, 
            in1, in2, c_in, out, c_out);
        $dumpvars(0, carry);
    end

endmodule

我遇到的问题是，当我模拟模型时，我在其中一个测试输入的总和上得到一个未知值。
Simulation

Answer 1

检查以下几行：

pmos pm1_c1(c1, vdd, p0);

时间80的p0值很低。因此，nmos正试图将c1推向高位。

另一方面：

nmos nm1_c1(c1, gnd, g0);

时间80处g0的值很高。因此，nmos正试图将c1推向低位。

由于c1有两个值1和0的驱动因素，因此其真实值未知，即x。

修改

我不确定这种设计是否正确。您要将c1 = g0 + p0.c0转换为CMOS网表。将布尔方程式转换为CMOS网表非常简单。以下是一些很好的参考资料：http://cs.utexas.edu/users/fussell/cs310/lectures/cs310-lecture3.pdf和http://acipo.com/blog/cmos-design-intro

更仔细地查看C1的代码，你得到了NMOS部分。 PMOS网络只是NMOS的双重，这意味着pm1_c1应具有与nm1_c1相同的门（即控制）信号。只需更改它，它应该至少为C1解决问题！

模拟期间未知值使用CMOS进行前瞻

1 个答案: