Question

我尝试使用mingw为Linux编译一个简单的线程程序。

为此，我加载source并将源代码放到我的目录中。比我写了一个makefile。对于Linux，它运行得很好。但是对于Win，我遇到了很多错误 - 其中一些错误我已经无法解决了：

$ make
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -Wall -O3 -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -FORCEWIN   -c -o main.o main.c
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -Wall -O3 -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -FORCEWIN   -c -o usleep.o usleep.c
------------------------------------------
clean up
make clean 
make[1]: Betrete Verzeichnis '/mnt/prog'
rm -f *.o *.obj *.exe
make[1]: Verlasse Verzeichnis '/mnt/prog'
------------------------------------------
compile pthreads as static lib
cd ./pthreads/; \
    make CROSS=x86_64-w64-mingw32- clean GC-static
make[1]: Betrete Verzeichnis '/mnt/prog/pthreads'
rm -f *~
rm -f *.i
rm -f *.s
rm -f *.o
rm -f *.obj
rm -f *.exe
rm -f pthread.def
make XOPT="-DPTW32_BUILD_INLINED -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB" CLEANUP=-D__CLEANUP_C XC_FLAGS="     " OBJ="pthread.o version.o" libpthreadGC2.stamp
make[2]: Betrete Verzeichnis '/mnt/prog/pthreads'
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c -o pthread.o -D__CLEANUP_C -O3  -DPTW32_BUILD_INLINED -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -I. -DHAVE_PTW32_CONFIG_H -Wall  pthread.c
x86_64-w64-mingw32-windres --include-dir=. -D__CLEANUP_C -o version.o -i version.rc
rm -f libpthreadGC2.a
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar -rv libpthreadGC2.a pthread.o version.o
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar: Erzeugen von libpthreadGC2.a
a - pthread.o
a - version.o
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ranlib libpthreadGC2.a
echo touched > libpthreadGC2.stamp
make[2]: Verlasse Verzeichnis '/mnt/prog/pthreads'
make[1]: Verlasse Verzeichnis '/mnt/prog/pthreads'
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c ./main.c ./usleep.c  -Wall -O3 -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -FORCEWIN 
------------------------------------------
create object files
usleep.o  main.o
------------------------------------------
linking
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc ./main.o ./usleep.o ./pthreads/pthread.o  -o possix.exe
./usleep.o:usleep.c:(.text+0x3c): undefined reference to `__imp_select'
./usleep.o:usleep.c:(.text+0x8c): undefined reference to `__imp_select'
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: ./usleep.o: Falsche Verschiebungsadresse 0x0 in Abschnitt `.pdata'
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: final link failed: Ungültiger Vorgang
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [prog] Fehler 1

如何修复链接问题？

到Dayal rai

我的标题的包含（按顺序，我认为它们被称为）：

的main.c

/*#include <errno.h>    */  
/*#include <fcntl.h>    */  
#include <inttypes.h>
#include "./pthreads/pthread.h"
#include <stdio.h>       
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <string.h>
/*#include <termios.h>  */
/*#include <unistd.h> */

#include "usleep.h"      /* um usleep nutzen zu können */

usleep.h

...
#include "unistd.h"
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdio.h>
...

对于Windows目标包含unistd.h可能是错误的吗？

我还减少了标题的数量并改变了他们的订单，但错误仍然存在。我不知道它来自哪里......

main.c

#include <inttypes.h>  /* Spezielle int-Datentypen */
#include <stdio.h>

#if defined(FORCEWIN) || defined(_WIN64) || defined(_WIN32)
    #include <time.h>
    #include <winsock2.h>
#elif __unix    /* all unices not caught above */
    #include <sys/time.h>
    #include <sys/socket.h>
#endif

usleep.h

有英文反馈

LC_ALL=C make
------------------------------------------
clean up
make clean 
make[1]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog'
rm -f *.o *.obj *.exe
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog'
------------------------------------------
compile pthreads as static lib
cd ./pthreads/; \
    make CROSS=x86_64-w64-mingw32- clean GC-static
make[1]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog/pthreads'
rm -f *~
rm -f *.i
rm -f *.s
rm -f *.o
rm -f *.obj
rm -f *.exe
rm -f pthread.def
make XOPT="-DPTW32_BUILD_INLINED -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB" CLEANUP=-D__CLEANUP_C XC_FLAGS=" " OBJ="pthread.o version.o" libpthreadGC2.stamp
make[2]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog/pthreads'
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c -o pthread.o -D__CLEANUP_C -O3  -DPTW32_BUILD_INLINED -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -I. -DHAVE_PTW32_CONFIG_H -Wall  pthread.c
x86_64-w64-mingw32-windres --include-dir=. -D__CLEANUP_C -o version.o -i version.rc
rm -f libpthreadGC2.a
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar -rv libpthreadGC2.a pthread.o version.o
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar: creating libpthreadGC2.a
a - pthread.o
a - version.o
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ranlib libpthreadGC2.a
echo touched > libpthreadGC2.stamp
make[2]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog/pthreads'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog/pthreads'
------------------------------------------
create object files
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c ./main.c ./usleep.c  -Wall -O3 -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -FORCEWIN 
usleep.o  main.o
------------------------------------------
linking
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc ./main.o ./usleep.o ./pthreads/pthread.o  -o possix.exe
./usleep.o:usleep.c:(.text+0x3c): undefined reference to `__imp_select'
./usleep.o:usleep.c:(.text+0x8c): undefined reference to `__imp_select'
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: ./usleep.o: bad reloc address 0x0 in section `.pdata'
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: final link failed: Invalid operation
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [prog] Error 1

我已从CFLAGS中移除了-DPTW32_STATIC_LIB，现在我已经知道了

LC_ALL=C make
------------------------------------------
clean up
make clean 
make[1]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog'
rm -f *.o *.obj *.exe
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog'
------------------------------------------
compile pthreads as static lib
cd ./pthreads/; \
    make CROSS=x86_64-w64-mingw32- clean GC-static
make[1]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog/pthreads'
rm -f *~
rm -f *.i
rm -f *.s
rm -f *.o
rm -f *.obj
rm -f *.exe
rm -f pthread.def
make XOPT="-DPTW32_BUILD_INLINED -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB" CLEANUP=-D__CLEANUP_C XC_FLAGS=" " OBJ="pthread.o version.o" libpthreadGC2.stamp
make[2]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog/pthreads'
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c -o pthread.o -D__CLEANUP_C -O3  -DPTW32_BUILD_INLINED -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -I. -DHAVE_PTW32_CONFIG_H -Wall  pthread.c
x86_64-w64-mingw32-windres --include-dir=. -D__CLEANUP_C -o version.o -i version.rc
rm -f libpthreadGC2.a
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar -rv libpthreadGC2.a pthread.o version.o
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar: creating libpthreadGC2.a
a - pthread.o
a - version.o
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ranlib libpthreadGC2.a
echo touched > libpthreadGC2.stamp
make[2]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog/pthreads'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog/pthreads'
------------------------------------------
create object files
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c ./main.c ./usleep.c  -Wall -O3 -FORCEWIN 
usleep.o  main.o
------------------------------------------
linking
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc ./main.o ./usleep.o ./pthreads/pthread.o  -o possix.exe -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-w64-mingw32
Configured with: ../../src/configure --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --prefix=/usr --includedir='/usr/include' --mandir='/usr/share/man' --infodir='/usr/share/info' --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var --libexecdir='/usr/lib/gcc-mingw-w64' --disable-maintainer-mode --disable-dependency-tracking --prefix=/usr --enable-shared --enable-static --disable-multilib --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-tune=generic --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs --enable-threads=win32 --enable-fully-dynamic-string --enable-sjlj-exceptions --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++,ada --enable-lto --with-plugin-ld --target=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.6 --with-as=/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-as --with-ld=/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld
Thread model: win32
gcc version 4.6.3 (GCC) 
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-o' 'possix.exe' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/collect2 -m i386pep -Bdynamic -o possix.exe /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/crt2.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib ./main.o ./usleep.o ./pthreads/pthread.o -lmingw32 -lgcc_eh -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt -ladvapi32 -lshell32 -luser32 -lkernel32 -lmingw32 -lgcc_eh -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/crtend.o
./main.o:main.c:(.text+0x1c): undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_lock'
./main.o:main.c:(.text+0x23): undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_unlock'
./main.o:main.c:(.text+0x6b): undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_exit'
./main.o:main.c:(.text+0x8b): undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_lock'
./main.o:main.c:(.text+0x9e): undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_unlock'
./main.o:main.c:(.text+0x19c): undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_exit'
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: ./main.o: bad reloc address 0x0 in section `.pdata'
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: final link failed: Invalid operation
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [prog] Error 1

在我看来，这是来自pthread confused

的错误

在下面参考Gavin Smith的评论时，我在makefile中做了一些更改：

$ LC_ALL=C make
------------------------------------------
clean up
make clean 
make[1]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog'
rm -f *.o *.obj *.exe
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog'
------------------------------------------
compile pthreads as static lib
cd ./pthreads/; \
    make CROSS=x86_64-w64-mingw32- clean GC-static -v
GNU Make 3.81
Copyright (C) 2006  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

This program built for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
------------------------------------------
create object files
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c ./main.c ./usleep.c  -Wall -g -O3 -FORCEWIN 
usleep.o  main.o
------------------------------------------
linking
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld ./main.o ./usleep.o ./pthreads/libpthreadGC2.a  -o possix.exe -v
GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.22.90.20120919
./main.o: In function `thr_ausgabe':
/mnt/prog/./main.c:66: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_lock'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:66: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_unlock'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:72: undefined reference to `printf'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:83: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_exit'
./main.o: In function `thr_arbeite':
/mnt/prog/./main.c:44: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_lock'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:46: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_unlock'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:56: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_exit'
./main.o: In function `main':
/mnt/prog/./main.c:89: undefined reference to `__main'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:100: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_mutex_init'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:105: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_create'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:116: undefined reference to `__imp_pthread_join'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:111: undefined reference to `__imp___iob_func'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:111: undefined reference to `fprintf'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:106: undefined reference to `__imp___iob_func'
/mnt/prog/./main.c:106: undefined reference to `fprintf'
./usleep.o: In function `msleep':
/mnt/prog/./usleep.c:16: undefined reference to `__imp_select'
./usleep.o: In function `usleep':
/mnt/prog/./usleep.c:33: undefined reference to `__imp_select'
make: *** [prog] Error 1

现在主要的符号是：

$ x86_64-w64-mingw32-nm main.o
0000000000000000 b .bss
0000000000000000 d .data
0000000000000000 N .debug_abbrev
0000000000000000 N .debug_aranges
0000000000000000 N .debug_frame
0000000000000000 N .debug_info
0000000000000000 N .debug_line
0000000000000000 N .debug_loc
0000000000000000 N .debug_ranges
                 U fprintf
                 U __imp___iob_func
                 U __imp_pthread_create
                 U __imp_pthread_exit
                 U __imp_pthread_join
                 U __imp_pthread_mutex_init
                 U __imp_pthread_mutex_lock
                 U __imp_pthread_mutex_unlock
0000000000000000 T main
                 U __main
                 U msleep
0000000000000000 p .pdata
0000000000000000 p .pdata.startup
                 U printf
0000000000000000 r .rdata
0000000000000000 t .text
0000000000000000 t .text.startup
0000000000000080 T thr_arbeite
0000000000000000 T thr_ausgabe
0000000000000000 r .xdata
0000000000000000 r .xdata.startup

我查看了lib的objectfile，发现符号与main有点不同：

000000000000a9c0 T pthread_create
000000000000e6a0 T pthread_exit
000000000000b510 T pthread_join
00000000000024b0 T pthread_mutex_init
0000000000006c70 T pthread_mutex_lock
0000000000005800 T pthread_mutex_unlock

从目标文件中剥离或重命名符号是否有用？

实际情况：

终端：

$ LC_ALL=C make
------------------------------------------
clean up
make clean 
make[1]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog/win'
rm -f *.o *.obj *.exe
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog/win'
------------------------------------------
create object files
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c ./main.c ./usleep.c  -Wall -O3 -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -FORCEWIN 
usleep.o  main.o
------------------------------------------
compile pthreads as static lib
cd ./pthreads/; \
    make CROSS=x86_64-w64-mingw32- clean GC-static
make[1]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog/win/pthreads'
rm -f *~
rm -f *.i
rm -f *.s
rm -f *.o
rm -f *.obj
rm -f *.exe
rm -f pthread.def
make XOPT="-DPTW32_BUILD_INLINED -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB" CLEANUP=-D__CLEANUP_C XC_FLAGS=" " OBJ="pthread.o version.o" libpthreadGC2.stamp
make[2]: Entering directory `/mnt/prog/win/pthreads'
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -c -o pthread.o -D__CLEANUP_C -O3  -DPTW32_BUILD_INLINED -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -I. -DHAVE_PTW32_CONFIG_H -Wall  pthread.c
x86_64-w64-mingw32-windres --include-dir=. -D__CLEANUP_C -o version.o -i version.rc
rm -f libpthreadGC2.a
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar -rv libpthreadGC2.a pthread.o version.o
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar: creating libpthreadGC2.a
a - pthread.o
a - version.o
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ranlib libpthreadGC2.a
echo touched > libpthreadGC2.stamp
make[2]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog/win/pthreads'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/prog/win/pthreads'
------------------------------------------
linking
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld ./main.o ./usleep.o ./pthreads/libpthreadGC2.a  -o possix.exe
./main.o:main.c:(.text+0x33): undefined reference to `printf'
./main.o:main.c:(.text.startup+0x6): undefined reference to `__main'
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: ./main.o: bad reloc address 0x6 in section `.text.startup'
x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: final link failed: Invalid operation
make: *** [prog] Error 1

目标文件的符号

$ x86_64-w64-mingw32-nm main.o
0000000000000000 b .bss
0000000000000000 d .data
                 U fprintf
                 U __imp___iob_func
0000000000000000 T main
                 U __main
                 U msleep
0000000000000000 p .pdata
0000000000000000 p .pdata.startup
                 U printf
                 U pthread_create
                 U pthread_exit
                 U pthread_join
                 U pthread_mutex_init
                 U pthread_mutex_lock
                 U pthread_mutex_unlock
0000000000000000 r .rdata
0000000000000000 t .text
0000000000000000 t .text.startup
0000000000000080 T thr_arbeite
0000000000000000 T thr_ausgabe
0000000000000000 r .xdata
0000000000000000 r .xdata.startup

我真的不明白为什么他找不到printf和main ....

usleep.o

$ x86_64-w64-mingw32-nm usleep.o
0000000000000000 b .bss
0000000000000000 d .data
                 U __imp_select
0000000000000000 T msleep
0000000000000000 p .pdata
0000000000000000 t .text
0000000000000050 T usleep
0000000000000000 r .xdata

Answer 1

错误：

./usleep.o:usleep.c:(.text+0x3c): undefined reference to `__imp_select'

表示未定义符号__imp_select。它可能在您未在最终链接步骤中包含的其他C文件中。

Answer 2

看起来您已经创建了一个静态库文件libpthreadGC2.a，但是您的链接命令x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc ./main.o ./usleep.o ./pthreads/pthread.o -o possix.exe -v只链接了三个目标文件，而它们不在其中。尝试将-lpthreadGC2或libpthreadGC2.a添加到链接命令。

如果您想检查目标文件是否包含缺失的符号（例如__imp_pthread_mutex_unlock），您可以尝试运行nm libpthreadGC2.a | grep '__imp_pthread_mutex_unlock'以查看它是否存在。

我在自述文件中读到了您链接的pthread源代码，您必须在构建时定义PTW32_STATIC_LIB - 是否有理由删除-DPTW32_STATIC_LIB选项？

在Linux上使用mingw进行交叉编译

2 个答案: