我的工作是关于推荐系统的图书馆书籍。作为输入我需要书籍分类本体。在我的本体论中对图书馆书籍进行了分类。这个分类有14个类别,除了兄弟类作者,书,伊斯本。书籍类中的个人是书的主题(约600个主题),作者类中的个人是名字的作者,也是isbn类。我用protege 4.1设计了这个本体。
我也收集了并且手动将部分归属于类别的书。对象属性是名称“hasSubject”与个别书类相关的类别。示例书“A”具有主题类别“S”和“F”以及...结果我想获得属于图书类别的矩阵。如果这本书属于一个类别,那么得到1,否则取值为0.就像这样:
cat1 cat2 cat3
book1 1 0 0
book2 1 0 1
book3 1 1 0
在此示例中表示book1属于类别1且不属于类别2和3.如何使用sparql进行保护?
答案 0 :(得分:5)
给出类似
的数据@prefix : <http://example.org/books/> .
:book1 a :Book, :Cat1 .
:book2 a :Book, :Cat1, :Cat3 .
:book3 a :Book, :Cat1, :Cat2 .
您可以使用
之类的查询prefix : <http://example.org/books/>
select ?individual
(if(bound(?cat1),1,0) as ?Cat1)
(if(bound(?cat2),1,0) as ?Cat2)
(if(bound(?cat3),1,0) as ?Cat3)
where {
?individual a :Book .
OPTIONAL { ?individual a :Cat1 . bind( ?individual as ?cat1 ) }
OPTIONAL { ?individual a :Cat2 . bind( ?individual as ?cat2 ) }
OPTIONAL { ?individual a :Cat3 . bind( ?individual as ?cat3 ) }
}
order by ?book
其中绑定了某些变量(它们所绑定的特定值并不重要),具体取决于是否存在某些三元组以获得如下结果:
$ arq --data data.n3 --query matrix.sparql
-----------------------------------
| individual | Cat1 | Cat2 | Cat3 |
===================================
| :book1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| :book2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| :book3 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
-----------------------------------
这里的解决方案似乎在耶拿有效,但我不确定具体的结果是否得到保证。 (更新>基于此answers.semanticweb.com question and answer,SPARQL规范似乎确保此行为不。)如果我们有更多的数据,例如,关于哪些事物是类别,哪些是书籍,例如
@prefix : <http://example.org/books/> .
:book1 a :Book, :Cat1 .
:book2 a :Book, :Cat1, :Cat3 .
:book3 a :Book, :Cat1, :Cat2 .
:Cat1 a :Category .
:Cat2 a :Category .
:Cat3 a :Category .
然后我们可以运行一个子查询,按顺序选择所有类别,然后为每本书计算一个字符串,表明该书是否在每个类别中。
prefix : <http://example.org/books/>
select ?book (group_concat(?isCat) as ?matrix) where {
{
select ?category where {
?category a :Category
}
order by ?category
}
?book a :Book .
OPTIONAL { bind( 1 as ?isCat ) ?book a ?category . }
OPTIONAL { bind( 0 as ?isCat ) NOT EXISTS { ?book a ?category } }
}
group by ?book
order by ?book
这有输出:
$ arq --data data.n3 --query matrix2.query
--------------------
| book | matrix |
====================
| :book1 | "1 0 0" |
| :book2 | "1 0 1" |
| :book3 | "1 1 0" |
--------------------
更接近问题中的输出,并处理任意数字类别。但是,它取决于每个?category
以相同顺序处理的?book
的值,而且我不确定这是否有保证。
我们甚至可以使用这种方法为表生成标题行。同样,这取决于每个?category
以相同顺序处理的?book
值,这可能无法保证,但似乎在Jena中有效。要获取类别标题,我们需要做的就是创建一个?book
未绑定的行,?isCat
的值表示特定类别:
prefix : <http://example.org/books/>
select ?book (group_concat(?isCat) as ?matrix) where {
{
select ?category where {
?category a :Category
}
order by ?category
}
# This generates the header row where ?isCat is just
# the category, so the group_concat gives headers.
{
bind(?category as ?isCat)
}
UNION
# This is the table as before
{
?book a :Book .
OPTIONAL { bind( 1 as ?isCat ) ?book a ?category . }
OPTIONAL { bind( 0 as ?isCat ) NOT EXISTS { ?book a ?category } }
}
}
group by ?book
order by ?book
我们得到了这个输出:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| book | matrix |
========================================================================================================
| | "http://example.org/books/Cat1 http://example.org/books/Cat2 http://example.org/books/Cat3" |
| :book1 | "1 0 0" |
| :book2 | "1 0 1" |
| :book3 | "1 1 0" |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
使用某些字符串操作,您可以缩短用于类别的URI,或者扩展数组条目以获得正确的对齐。一种可能性是:
prefix : <http://example.org/books/>
select ?book (group_concat(?isCat) as ?categories) where {
{
select ?category
(strafter(str(?category),"http://example.org/books/") as ?name)
where {
?category a :Category
}
order by ?category
}
{
bind(?name as ?isCat)
}
UNION
{
?book a :Book .
# The string manipulation here takes the name of the category (which should
# be at least two character), trims off the first character (string indexing
# in XPath functions starts at 1), and replaces the rest with " ". The resulting
# spaces are concatenated with "1" or "0" depending on whether the book is a
# member of the category. The resulting string has the same width as the
# category name, and makes for a nice table.
OPTIONAL { bind( concat(replace(substr(?name,2),"."," "),"1") as ?isCat ) ?book a ?category . }
OPTIONAL { bind( concat(replace(substr(?name,2),"."," "),"0") as ?isCat ) NOT EXISTS { ?book a ?category } }
}
}
group by ?book
order by ?book
产生这个输出:
$ arq --data data.n3 --query matrix3.query
-----------------------------
| book | categories |
=============================
| | "Cat1 Cat2 Cat3" |
| :book1 | " 1 0 0" |
| :book2 | " 1 0 1" |
| :book3 | " 1 1 0" |
-----------------------------
这几乎就是你在问题中所拥有的。