对于下面的图形声明(我无法更改 - 赋值;还有宏,因为我不允许使用'。'和' - >'图形运算符)
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define TAG(vp) ((vp)->tag)
#define LABEL(vp) ((vp)->label)
#define EDGE(vp) ((vp)->edge)
typedef struct vertex
{
char tag;
char *label;
struct vertex *edge[1];
}
vertex, *vp;
和邻接列表的这个声明(对于这个和所有下一个代码,我可以做任何我想做的事)
typedef struct adjList
{
vp node;
struct adjList *next;
}
adjList;
我编写了两个版本的函数,它必须从图形创建邻接列表表示。他们都使用此功能创建一个列表。
adjList *createList (vp graph)
{
int i;
adjList *result, *ptr, *ptr2;
if (graph)
{
result = malloc (sizeof (adjList));
result->node = graph;
ptr2 = result;
for (i = 0; EDGE (graph)[i]; ++i)
{
ptr = malloc (sizeof (adjList));
ptr->node = EDGE (graph)[i];
ptr2->next = ptr;
ptr2 = ptr;
}
ptr2->next = NULL;
}
return result;
}
第一个返回一个邻接列表数组(作为一个双指针),但这仅针对一个节点及其子节点(我还没有弄清楚如何使用这个工作函数返回完整的表示)
adjList **createLists (vp graph)
{
int i;
adjList **result;
result = malloc (sizeof (adjList *));
result[0] = createList (graph);
for (i = 0; EDGE (graph)[i]; ++i)
{
result = realloc (result, sizeof (adjList *) * (i + 2));
result[i + 1] = createList (EDGE (graph)[i]);
}
result = realloc (result, sizeof (adjList *) * (i + 2));
result[i + 1] = NULL;
return result;
}
第二个产生分段错误。基本上,它创建了一个空列表数组,但使用这个逻辑我会创建完整的表示。
void createListsHelper (adjList **result, vp graph, int *index) /* index stores an index in an array to create there next list */
{
int i;
if (graph)
{
result = realloc (result, sizeof (adjList *) * (*index + 2));
result[*index] = createList (graph);
for (i = 0; EDGE (graph)[i]; ++i)
{
++(*index);
createListsHelper (result, EDGE (graph)[i], index);
}
}
}
adjList **createLists (vp graph)
{
adjList **result = malloc (sizeof (adjList *));
int *index = malloc (sizeof (int));
*index = 0;
createListsHelper (result, graph, index);
result[*index + 1] = NULL;
return result;
}
如何更改其中一个以便它们可以正常工作。
提前致谢。
注意:我使用以下“main”来测试它们。
int main()
{
int i;
adjList **list, *ptr;
vp test;
test = malloc (sizeof (vertex) + 4 * sizeof (vp));
LABEL (test) = malloc (sizeof (char) * 2);
LABEL (test)[0] = 'a';
LABEL (test)[1] = '\0';
for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
{
EDGE (test)[i] = malloc (sizeof (vertex));
}
LABEL (EDGE (test)[0]) = malloc (sizeof (char) * 2);
LABEL (EDGE (test)[0])[0] = 'b';
LABEL (EDGE (test)[0])[1] = '\0';
LABEL (EDGE (test)[1]) = malloc (sizeof (char) * 2);
LABEL (EDGE (test)[1])[0] = 'c';
LABEL (EDGE (test)[1])[1] = '\0';
LABEL (EDGE (test)[2]) = malloc (sizeof (char) * 2);
LABEL (EDGE (test)[2])[0] = 'd';
LABEL (EDGE (test)[2])[1] = '\0';
EDGE (test)[3] = NULL;
EDGE (EDGE (test)[0])[0] = NULL;
EDGE (EDGE (test)[1])[0] = NULL;
EDGE (EDGE (test)[2])[0] = NULL;
list = createLists2 (test);
for (i = 0; list[i]; ++i)
{
for (ptr = list[i]; ptr; ptr = ptr->next)
{
printf ("%c ", LABEL (ptr->node)[0]);
}
printf ("\n");
}
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分:2)
void createListsHelper (adjList **result, vp graph, int *index) /* index stores an index in an array to create there next list */
{
int i;
if (graph)
{
result = realloc (result, sizeof (adjList *) * (*index + 2));
由于result
按值传递(每个参数都由C中的值传递),因此此修改不会影响调用函数中的result
。这一行
createListsHelper (result, graph, index);
result[*index + 1] = NULL; /* <<< */
调用UB(因为result
仍然指向1 int
的数组,并且您正在访问第二个元素。)