__attribute __((__ package___))对嵌套结构的影响是什么?

时间:2013-06-03 19:43:45

标签: c++ c gcc g++

__attribute__ ((__packed__))对嵌套结构有什么影响?例如:

// C version
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
{
    struct
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo;

// C++ version
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) Foo
{
    struct Bar
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo;

我知道foo会紧紧包装,但是bar呢?它会紧紧包装吗? __attribute__ ((__packed__))是否也使嵌套的struct打包?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:7)

不,bar不会紧紧包装。如果要打包,必须明确标记为__attribute__ ((__packed__))。请考虑以下示例:

#include <stdio.h>

struct
{
    struct
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo1;

struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
{
    struct
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo2;

struct
{
    struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo3;

struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
{
    struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo4;

int main()
{
    printf("sizeof(foo1): %d\n", (int)sizeof(foo1));
    printf("sizeof(foo2): %d\n", (int)sizeof(foo2));
    printf("sizeof(foo3): %d\n", (int)sizeof(foo3));
    printf("sizeof(foo4): %d\n", (int)sizeof(foo4));

    return 0;
}

该程序的输出(使用gcc 4.2,64位和clang 3.2,64位编译)是:

sizeof(foo1): 16
sizeof(foo2): 13
sizeof(foo3): 12
sizeof(foo4): 10

如果要将struct及其嵌套struct全部紧密打包,则必须为每个__attribute__ ((__packed__))明确声明struct。这是有道理的,如果你想把嵌套分开,以便bar的类型在foo之外声明,就像这样:

// Note Bar is not packed
struct Bar
{
    char c;
    int i;
};

struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
{
    // Despite foo being packed, Bar is not, and thus bar will not be packed
    struct Bar bar;
    char c;
    int i;
} foo;

在上面的示例中,要打包barBar必须声明为__attribute__ ((__packed__))。如果您要复制'n'粘贴这些结构以便像第一个代码示例中那样嵌套它们,您将看到打包行为是一致的。


相应的C ++代码(使用g ++ 4.2和clang ++ 3.2编译,目标是64位,它提供与上面完全相同的结果):

#include <iostream>

struct Foo1
{
    struct Bar1
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo1;

struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) Foo2
{
    struct Bar2
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo2;

struct Foo3
{
    struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) Bar3
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo3;

struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) Foo4
{
    struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) Bar4
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo4;

int main()
{
    std::cout << "sizeof(foo1): " << (int)sizeof(foo1) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "sizeof(foo2): " << (int)sizeof(foo2) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "sizeof(foo3): " << (int)sizeof(foo3) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "sizeof(foo4): " << (int)sizeof(foo4) << std::endl;
}