__attribute__ ((__packed__))
对嵌套结构有什么影响?例如:
// C version
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
{
struct
{
char c;
int i;
} bar;
char c;
int i;
} foo;
// C++ version
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) Foo
{
struct Bar
{
char c;
int i;
} bar;
char c;
int i;
} foo;
我知道foo
会紧紧包装,但是bar
呢?它会紧紧包装吗? __attribute__ ((__packed__))
是否也使嵌套的struct
打包?
答案 0 :(得分:7)
不,bar
不会紧紧包装。如果要打包,必须明确标记为__attribute__ ((__packed__))
。请考虑以下示例:
#include <stdio.h>
struct
{
struct
{
char c;
int i;
} bar;
char c;
int i;
} foo1;
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
{
struct
{
char c;
int i;
} bar;
char c;
int i;
} foo2;
struct
{
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
{
char c;
int i;
} bar;
char c;
int i;
} foo3;
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
{
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
{
char c;
int i;
} bar;
char c;
int i;
} foo4;
int main()
{
printf("sizeof(foo1): %d\n", (int)sizeof(foo1));
printf("sizeof(foo2): %d\n", (int)sizeof(foo2));
printf("sizeof(foo3): %d\n", (int)sizeof(foo3));
printf("sizeof(foo4): %d\n", (int)sizeof(foo4));
return 0;
}
该程序的输出(使用gcc 4.2,64位和clang 3.2,64位编译)是:
sizeof(foo1): 16
sizeof(foo2): 13
sizeof(foo3): 12
sizeof(foo4): 10
如果要将struct
及其嵌套struct
全部紧密打包,则必须为每个__attribute__ ((__packed__))
明确声明struct
。这是有道理的,如果你想把嵌套分开,以便bar
的类型在foo
之外声明,就像这样:
// Note Bar is not packed
struct Bar
{
char c;
int i;
};
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
{
// Despite foo being packed, Bar is not, and thus bar will not be packed
struct Bar bar;
char c;
int i;
} foo;
在上面的示例中,要打包bar
,Bar
必须声明为__attribute__ ((__packed__))
。如果您要复制'n'粘贴这些结构以便像第一个代码示例中那样嵌套它们,您将看到打包行为是一致的。
相应的C ++代码(使用g ++ 4.2和clang ++ 3.2编译,目标是64位,它提供与上面完全相同的结果):
#include <iostream>
struct Foo1
{
struct Bar1
{
char c;
int i;
} bar;
char c;
int i;
} foo1;
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) Foo2
{
struct Bar2
{
char c;
int i;
} bar;
char c;
int i;
} foo2;
struct Foo3
{
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) Bar3
{
char c;
int i;
} bar;
char c;
int i;
} foo3;
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) Foo4
{
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) Bar4
{
char c;
int i;
} bar;
char c;
int i;
} foo4;
int main()
{
std::cout << "sizeof(foo1): " << (int)sizeof(foo1) << std::endl;
std::cout << "sizeof(foo2): " << (int)sizeof(foo2) << std::endl;
std::cout << "sizeof(foo3): " << (int)sizeof(foo3) << std::endl;
std::cout << "sizeof(foo4): " << (int)sizeof(foo4) << std::endl;
}